RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer

Abstract As a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, Fluvastatin (FLV) is used for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as to prevent cardiovascular problems. FLV showed cell line cytotoxicity and antitumor effect. Melittin (MEL) exhibits antineoplastic...

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Main Authors: Mohamed A. Alfaleh, Omar Fahmy, Mohammed W. Al-Rabia, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Osama A. A. Ahmed, Usama A. Fahmy, Helal H. Alsulimani, Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin, Hibah M. Aldawsari, Bander M. Aldhabi, Awaad S. Alharbi, Nabil A. Alhakamy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2022-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24151-3
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author Mohamed A. Alfaleh
Omar Fahmy
Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
Osama A. A. Ahmed
Usama A. Fahmy
Helal H. Alsulimani
Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
Hibah M. Aldawsari
Bander M. Aldhabi
Awaad S. Alharbi
Nabil A. Alhakamy
author_facet Mohamed A. Alfaleh
Omar Fahmy
Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
Osama A. A. Ahmed
Usama A. Fahmy
Helal H. Alsulimani
Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
Hibah M. Aldawsari
Bander M. Aldhabi
Awaad S. Alharbi
Nabil A. Alhakamy
author_sort Mohamed A. Alfaleh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract As a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, Fluvastatin (FLV) is used for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as to prevent cardiovascular problems. FLV showed cell line cytotoxicity and antitumor effect. Melittin (MEL) exhibits antineoplastic activity and is known to be promising as a therapeutic option for cancer patients. The aim of this work was to investigate the combination of FLV with MEL loaded hybrid formula of phospholipid (PL) with alpha lipoic acid (ALA) nanoparticles to maximize anticancer tendencies. This study examines the optimization of the prepared formulation in order to minimize nanoparticles size and maximize zeta potential to potentiate cytotoxic potentialities in colon cancer cells (Caco2), cell viability, cell cycle analysis and annexin V were tested. In addition to biological markers as P53, Bax, bcl2 and Caspase 3 evaluation The combination involving FLV PL ALA MEL showed enhanced cytotoxic potentiality (IC50 = 9.242 ± 0.35 µg/mL), about twofold lower, compared to the raw FLV (IC50 = 21.74 ± 0.82 µg/mL). According to studies analyzing cell cycle, optimized FLV PL ALA MEL was found to inhibit Caco2 colon cancer cells more significantly than other therapeutic treatments, wherein a higher number of cells were found to accumulate over G2/M and pre-G1 phases, whereas G0/G1/S phases witnessed the accumulation of a lower number of cells. The optimized formulation may pave the way for a novel and more efficacious treatment for colon cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-e588d3a2f1714a00a03b55b2e00bfbd02024-11-17T12:30:21ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-11-0112111610.1038/s41598-022-24151-3RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancerMohamed A. Alfaleh0Omar Fahmy1Mohammed W. Al-Rabia2Mohammed A. S. Abourehab3Osama A. A. Ahmed4Usama A. Fahmy5Helal H. Alsulimani6Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin7Hibah M. Aldawsari8Bander M. Aldhabi9Awaad S. Alharbi10Nabil A. Alhakamy11Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Urology, Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty, of Pharmacy, Minia UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz UniversityAbstract As a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, Fluvastatin (FLV) is used for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as to prevent cardiovascular problems. FLV showed cell line cytotoxicity and antitumor effect. Melittin (MEL) exhibits antineoplastic activity and is known to be promising as a therapeutic option for cancer patients. The aim of this work was to investigate the combination of FLV with MEL loaded hybrid formula of phospholipid (PL) with alpha lipoic acid (ALA) nanoparticles to maximize anticancer tendencies. This study examines the optimization of the prepared formulation in order to minimize nanoparticles size and maximize zeta potential to potentiate cytotoxic potentialities in colon cancer cells (Caco2), cell viability, cell cycle analysis and annexin V were tested. In addition to biological markers as P53, Bax, bcl2 and Caspase 3 evaluation The combination involving FLV PL ALA MEL showed enhanced cytotoxic potentiality (IC50 = 9.242 ± 0.35 µg/mL), about twofold lower, compared to the raw FLV (IC50 = 21.74 ± 0.82 µg/mL). According to studies analyzing cell cycle, optimized FLV PL ALA MEL was found to inhibit Caco2 colon cancer cells more significantly than other therapeutic treatments, wherein a higher number of cells were found to accumulate over G2/M and pre-G1 phases, whereas G0/G1/S phases witnessed the accumulation of a lower number of cells. The optimized formulation may pave the way for a novel and more efficacious treatment for colon cancer.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24151-3
spellingShingle Mohamed A. Alfaleh
Omar Fahmy
Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
Osama A. A. Ahmed
Usama A. Fahmy
Helal H. Alsulimani
Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
Hibah M. Aldawsari
Bander M. Aldhabi
Awaad S. Alharbi
Nabil A. Alhakamy
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer
Scientific Reports
title RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer
title_full RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer
title_fullStr RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer
title_full_unstemmed RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer
title_short RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer
title_sort retracted article hybrid nanoparticulate system of fluvastatin loaded phospholipid alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24151-3
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