Noninvasive Oral Hyperspectral Imaging–Driven Digital Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Model Development and Validation Study
BackgroundOral microenvironmental disorders are associated with an increased risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology enables the detection of substances that are visually indistinguishable to the human eye, provid...
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JMIR Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medical Internet Research |
| Online Access: | https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e67256 |
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| author | Xiaomeng Yang Zeyan Li Lei Lei Xiaoyu Shi Dingming Zhang Fei Zhou Wenjing Li Tianyou Xu Xinyu Liu Songyun Wang Quan Yuan Jian Yang Xinyu Wang Yanfei Zhong Lilei Yu |
| author_facet | Xiaomeng Yang Zeyan Li Lei Lei Xiaoyu Shi Dingming Zhang Fei Zhou Wenjing Li Tianyou Xu Xinyu Liu Songyun Wang Quan Yuan Jian Yang Xinyu Wang Yanfei Zhong Lilei Yu |
| author_sort | Xiaomeng Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
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BackgroundOral microenvironmental disorders are associated with an increased risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology enables the detection of substances that are visually indistinguishable to the human eye, providing a noninvasive approach with extensive applications in medical diagnostics.
ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop and validate a digital, noninvasive oral diagnostic model for patients with HFpEF using HSI combined with various machine learning algorithms.
MethodsBetween April 2023 and August 2023, a total of 140 patients were recruited from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University to serve as the training and internal testing groups for this study. Subsequently, from August 2024 to September 2024, an additional 35 patients were enrolled from Three Gorges University and Yichang Central People’s Hospital to constitute the external testing group. After preprocessing to ensure image quality, spectral and textural features were extracted from the images. We extracted 25 spectral bands from each patient image and obtained 8 corresponding texture features to evaluate the performance of 28 machine learning algorithms for their ability to distinguish control participants from participants with HFpEF. The model demonstrating the optimal performance in both internal and external testing groups was selected to construct the HFpEF diagnostic model. Hyperspectral bands significant for identifying participants with HFpEF were identified for further interpretative analysis. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) model was used to provide analytical insights into feature importance.
ResultsParticipants were divided into a training group (n=105), internal testing group (n=35), and external testing group (n=35), with consistent baseline characteristics across groups. Among the 28 algorithms tested, the random forest algorithm demonstrated superior performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.884 and an accuracy of 82.9% in the internal testing group, as well as an AUC of 0.812 and an accuracy of 85.7% in the external testing group. For model interpretation, we used the top 25 features identified by the random forest algorithm. The SHAP analysis revealed discernible distinctions between control participants and participants with HFpEF, thereby validating the diagnostic model’s capacity to accurately identify participants with HFpEF.
ConclusionsThis noninvasive and efficient model facilitates the identification of individuals with HFpEF, thereby promoting early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Our research presents a clinically advanced diagnostic framework for HFpEF, validated using independent data sets and demonstrating significant potential to enhance patient care.
Trial RegistrationChina Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300078855; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=207133 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e573d0f01b8b47fd860127c2d6074913 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1438-8871 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Journal of Medical Internet Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-e573d0f01b8b47fd860127c2d60749132025-01-07T13:00:48ZengJMIR PublicationsJournal of Medical Internet Research1438-88712025-01-0127e6725610.2196/67256Noninvasive Oral Hyperspectral Imaging–Driven Digital Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Model Development and Validation StudyXiaomeng Yanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-9301Zeyan Lihttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-6161-2233Lei Leihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-5236Xiaoyu Shihttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-6868-6655Dingming Zhanghttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-6928-0402Fei Zhouhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-7999Wenjing Lihttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-5144-9023Tianyou Xuhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-8428-523XXinyu Liuhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-8239-6294Songyun Wanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9874-3640Quan Yuanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3085-431XJian Yanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-1482Xinyu Wanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-3954Yanfei Zhonghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850Lilei Yuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-2829 BackgroundOral microenvironmental disorders are associated with an increased risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology enables the detection of substances that are visually indistinguishable to the human eye, providing a noninvasive approach with extensive applications in medical diagnostics. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop and validate a digital, noninvasive oral diagnostic model for patients with HFpEF using HSI combined with various machine learning algorithms. MethodsBetween April 2023 and August 2023, a total of 140 patients were recruited from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University to serve as the training and internal testing groups for this study. Subsequently, from August 2024 to September 2024, an additional 35 patients were enrolled from Three Gorges University and Yichang Central People’s Hospital to constitute the external testing group. After preprocessing to ensure image quality, spectral and textural features were extracted from the images. We extracted 25 spectral bands from each patient image and obtained 8 corresponding texture features to evaluate the performance of 28 machine learning algorithms for their ability to distinguish control participants from participants with HFpEF. The model demonstrating the optimal performance in both internal and external testing groups was selected to construct the HFpEF diagnostic model. Hyperspectral bands significant for identifying participants with HFpEF were identified for further interpretative analysis. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) model was used to provide analytical insights into feature importance. ResultsParticipants were divided into a training group (n=105), internal testing group (n=35), and external testing group (n=35), with consistent baseline characteristics across groups. Among the 28 algorithms tested, the random forest algorithm demonstrated superior performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.884 and an accuracy of 82.9% in the internal testing group, as well as an AUC of 0.812 and an accuracy of 85.7% in the external testing group. For model interpretation, we used the top 25 features identified by the random forest algorithm. The SHAP analysis revealed discernible distinctions between control participants and participants with HFpEF, thereby validating the diagnostic model’s capacity to accurately identify participants with HFpEF. ConclusionsThis noninvasive and efficient model facilitates the identification of individuals with HFpEF, thereby promoting early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Our research presents a clinically advanced diagnostic framework for HFpEF, validated using independent data sets and demonstrating significant potential to enhance patient care. Trial RegistrationChina Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300078855; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=207133https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e67256 |
| spellingShingle | Xiaomeng Yang Zeyan Li Lei Lei Xiaoyu Shi Dingming Zhang Fei Zhou Wenjing Li Tianyou Xu Xinyu Liu Songyun Wang Quan Yuan Jian Yang Xinyu Wang Yanfei Zhong Lilei Yu Noninvasive Oral Hyperspectral Imaging–Driven Digital Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Model Development and Validation Study Journal of Medical Internet Research |
| title | Noninvasive Oral Hyperspectral Imaging–Driven Digital Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Model Development and Validation Study |
| title_full | Noninvasive Oral Hyperspectral Imaging–Driven Digital Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Model Development and Validation Study |
| title_fullStr | Noninvasive Oral Hyperspectral Imaging–Driven Digital Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Model Development and Validation Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Noninvasive Oral Hyperspectral Imaging–Driven Digital Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Model Development and Validation Study |
| title_short | Noninvasive Oral Hyperspectral Imaging–Driven Digital Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Model Development and Validation Study |
| title_sort | noninvasive oral hyperspectral imaging driven digital diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction model development and validation study |
| url | https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e67256 |
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