Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Cardiovascular Fibroblasts
Fibrogenesis is a physiological process required for wound healing and tissue repair. It is induced by activation of quiescent fibroblasts, which first proliferate and then change their phenotype into migratory, contractile myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts secrete extracellular matrix proteins, such a...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1365 |
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| author | Andreas Rinne Florentina Pluteanu |
| author_facet | Andreas Rinne Florentina Pluteanu |
| author_sort | Andreas Rinne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fibrogenesis is a physiological process required for wound healing and tissue repair. It is induced by activation of quiescent fibroblasts, which first proliferate and then change their phenotype into migratory, contractile myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts secrete extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, to form a scar. Once the healing process is terminated, most myofibroblasts undergo apoptosis. However, in some tissues, such as the heart, myofibroblasts remain active and sensitive to neurohumoral factors and inflammatory mediators, which lead eventually to excessive organ fibrosis. Many cellular processes involved in fibroblast activation, including cell proliferation, protein secretion and cell contraction, are highly regulated by intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals. This review summarizes current research on Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathways underlying fibroblast activation. We present receptor- and ion channel-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathways, discuss how localized Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals of the cell nucleus may be involved in fibroblast activation and present Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitive transcription pathways relevant for fibroblast biology. When investigated, we highlight how the function of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-handling proteins changes during cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. Many aspects of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling remain unexplored in different types of cardiovascular fibroblasts in relation to pathologies, and a better understanding of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling in fibroblasts will help to design targeted therapies against fibrosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e501c99ad95b4d8e9dd457165ab983ef |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-e501c99ad95b4d8e9dd457165ab983ef2024-11-26T17:53:59ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-10-011411136510.3390/biom14111365Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Cardiovascular FibroblastsAndreas Rinne0Florentina Pluteanu1Department of Biophysics and Cellular Biotechnology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, RomaniaFibrogenesis is a physiological process required for wound healing and tissue repair. It is induced by activation of quiescent fibroblasts, which first proliferate and then change their phenotype into migratory, contractile myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts secrete extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, to form a scar. Once the healing process is terminated, most myofibroblasts undergo apoptosis. However, in some tissues, such as the heart, myofibroblasts remain active and sensitive to neurohumoral factors and inflammatory mediators, which lead eventually to excessive organ fibrosis. Many cellular processes involved in fibroblast activation, including cell proliferation, protein secretion and cell contraction, are highly regulated by intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals. This review summarizes current research on Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathways underlying fibroblast activation. We present receptor- and ion channel-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathways, discuss how localized Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals of the cell nucleus may be involved in fibroblast activation and present Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitive transcription pathways relevant for fibroblast biology. When investigated, we highlight how the function of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-handling proteins changes during cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis. Many aspects of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling remain unexplored in different types of cardiovascular fibroblasts in relation to pathologies, and a better understanding of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling in fibroblasts will help to design targeted therapies against fibrosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1365fibroblastmyofibroblastCa<sup>2+</sup> signalingcardiac fibrosispulmonary fibrosisCa<sup>2+</sup> ion channels |
| spellingShingle | Andreas Rinne Florentina Pluteanu Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Cardiovascular Fibroblasts Biomolecules fibroblast myofibroblast Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling cardiac fibrosis pulmonary fibrosis Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion channels |
| title | Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Cardiovascular Fibroblasts |
| title_full | Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Cardiovascular Fibroblasts |
| title_fullStr | Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Cardiovascular Fibroblasts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Cardiovascular Fibroblasts |
| title_short | Ca<sup>2+</sup> Signaling in Cardiovascular Fibroblasts |
| title_sort | ca sup 2 sup signaling in cardiovascular fibroblasts |
| topic | fibroblast myofibroblast Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling cardiac fibrosis pulmonary fibrosis Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion channels |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1365 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andreasrinne casup2supsignalingincardiovascularfibroblasts AT florentinapluteanu casup2supsignalingincardiovascularfibroblasts |