Testing the Universality of Self-organized Criticality in Galactic, Extragalactic, and Black Hole Systems
In this study, we test whether the power law slopes ( α _F ) for fluxes ( F ), and ( α _E ) for energies ( E ) are universal in their size distributions, $N(F)\propto {F}^{-{\alpha }_{F}}$ and $N(E)\propto {E}^{-{\alpha }_{E}}$ , in astrophysical observations of galactic, extragalactic, and black ho...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8dca |
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| author | Markus J. Aschwanden Ersin Göǧüş |
| author_facet | Markus J. Aschwanden Ersin Göǧüş |
| author_sort | Markus J. Aschwanden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we test whether the power law slopes ( α _F ) for fluxes ( F ), and ( α _E ) for energies ( E ) are universal in their size distributions, $N(F)\propto {F}^{-{\alpha }_{F}}$ and $N(E)\propto {E}^{-{\alpha }_{E}}$ , in astrophysical observations of galactic, extragalactic, and black hole systems. This is a test of fundamental importance for self-organized criticality (SOC) systems. The test decides whether (i) power laws are a natural consequence of the scale-freeness and inherent universality of SOC systems, or (ii) if they depend on more complex physical scaling laws. The former criterion allows quantitative predictions of the power-law-like size distributions, while the latter criterion requires individual physical modeling for each SOC variable and data set. Our statistical test, carried out with 61 published data sets, is consistent with the former option, which implies that observed power laws can simply be derived from the scale-freeness and do not require specific physical models to understand their statistical distributions. The observations show a mean and standard deviation of α _F = 1.78 ± 0.29 for SOC fluxes and α _E = 1.66 ± 0.22 for SOC fluences, and thus are consistent with the prediction of the fractal-diffusive SOC model, with α _F = 1.80 and α _E = 1.67. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4f0573643084a16b54d2c050c8d4d5f2025-01-02T12:11:46ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0197811910.3847/1538-4357/ad8dcaTesting the Universality of Self-organized Criticality in Galactic, Extragalactic, and Black Hole SystemsMarkus J. Aschwanden0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0260-2673Ersin Göǧüş1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-6790Lockheed Martin, Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory (LMSAL) , Advanced Technology Center (ATC), A021S, Bldg. 252, 3251 Hanover St., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA ; markus.josef.aschwanden@gmail.comFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancí University , Tuzla, İstanbul 34956, Türkiye ; ersing@sabanciuniv.eduIn this study, we test whether the power law slopes ( α _F ) for fluxes ( F ), and ( α _E ) for energies ( E ) are universal in their size distributions, $N(F)\propto {F}^{-{\alpha }_{F}}$ and $N(E)\propto {E}^{-{\alpha }_{E}}$ , in astrophysical observations of galactic, extragalactic, and black hole systems. This is a test of fundamental importance for self-organized criticality (SOC) systems. The test decides whether (i) power laws are a natural consequence of the scale-freeness and inherent universality of SOC systems, or (ii) if they depend on more complex physical scaling laws. The former criterion allows quantitative predictions of the power-law-like size distributions, while the latter criterion requires individual physical modeling for each SOC variable and data set. Our statistical test, carried out with 61 published data sets, is consistent with the former option, which implies that observed power laws can simply be derived from the scale-freeness and do not require specific physical models to understand their statistical distributions. The observations show a mean and standard deviation of α _F = 1.78 ± 0.29 for SOC fluxes and α _E = 1.66 ± 0.22 for SOC fluences, and thus are consistent with the prediction of the fractal-diffusive SOC model, with α _F = 1.80 and α _E = 1.67.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8dcaA starsAGN host galaxiesblazarsblack holescosmic raysexoplanet astronomy |
| spellingShingle | Markus J. Aschwanden Ersin Göǧüş Testing the Universality of Self-organized Criticality in Galactic, Extragalactic, and Black Hole Systems The Astrophysical Journal A stars AGN host galaxies blazars black holes cosmic rays exoplanet astronomy |
| title | Testing the Universality of Self-organized Criticality in Galactic, Extragalactic, and Black Hole Systems |
| title_full | Testing the Universality of Self-organized Criticality in Galactic, Extragalactic, and Black Hole Systems |
| title_fullStr | Testing the Universality of Self-organized Criticality in Galactic, Extragalactic, and Black Hole Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Testing the Universality of Self-organized Criticality in Galactic, Extragalactic, and Black Hole Systems |
| title_short | Testing the Universality of Self-organized Criticality in Galactic, Extragalactic, and Black Hole Systems |
| title_sort | testing the universality of self organized criticality in galactic extragalactic and black hole systems |
| topic | A stars AGN host galaxies blazars black holes cosmic rays exoplanet astronomy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8dca |
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