False and genuine decoherence in the early universe: a local observer and time-averaged observables

Abstract We study quantum decoherence of curvature perturbations at superhorizon scales caused by the gravitational nonlinearities. We show that cubic gravitational couplings, constrained by the spatial diffeomorphism invariance, lead to infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) divergences in the decohere...

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Main Authors: Fumiya Sano, Junsei Tokuda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)266
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author Fumiya Sano
Junsei Tokuda
author_facet Fumiya Sano
Junsei Tokuda
author_sort Fumiya Sano
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We study quantum decoherence of curvature perturbations at superhorizon scales caused by the gravitational nonlinearities. We show that cubic gravitational couplings, constrained by the spatial diffeomorphism invariance, lead to infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) divergences in the decoherence rate at one loop. These divergences arise respectively from deep IR fluctuations, which appear as background modes to a local observer, and from violent zero-point fluctuations in the deep UV. We argue that these divergences are unobservable, as they vanish when proper observables are considered. We consider correlators defined using the geodesic distance for IR divergences and time-averaged correlators for UV divergences. To incorporate these observer’s perspective, we propose to use in effective quantum state, defined in terms of actual observables, as a more appropriate probe of the quantum coherence of the system measured by an observer. We then evaluate the finite decoherence rate induced by superhorizon environment during inflation and in the late universe.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1029-8479
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spelling doaj-art-e47e307284b04d288ef5c4c9975f5c5c2025-08-20T03:42:37ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-07-012025714610.1007/JHEP07(2025)266False and genuine decoherence in the early universe: a local observer and time-averaged observablesFumiya Sano0Junsei Tokuda1Department of Physics, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Physics, McGill UniversityAbstract We study quantum decoherence of curvature perturbations at superhorizon scales caused by the gravitational nonlinearities. We show that cubic gravitational couplings, constrained by the spatial diffeomorphism invariance, lead to infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) divergences in the decoherence rate at one loop. These divergences arise respectively from deep IR fluctuations, which appear as background modes to a local observer, and from violent zero-point fluctuations in the deep UV. We argue that these divergences are unobservable, as they vanish when proper observables are considered. We consider correlators defined using the geodesic distance for IR divergences and time-averaged correlators for UV divergences. To incorporate these observer’s perspective, we propose to use in effective quantum state, defined in terms of actual observables, as a more appropriate probe of the quantum coherence of the system measured by an observer. We then evaluate the finite decoherence rate induced by superhorizon environment during inflation and in the late universe.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)266de Sitter spaceEarly Universe Particle PhysicsRenormalization and RegularizationQuantum Dissipative Systems
spellingShingle Fumiya Sano
Junsei Tokuda
False and genuine decoherence in the early universe: a local observer and time-averaged observables
Journal of High Energy Physics
de Sitter space
Early Universe Particle Physics
Renormalization and Regularization
Quantum Dissipative Systems
title False and genuine decoherence in the early universe: a local observer and time-averaged observables
title_full False and genuine decoherence in the early universe: a local observer and time-averaged observables
title_fullStr False and genuine decoherence in the early universe: a local observer and time-averaged observables
title_full_unstemmed False and genuine decoherence in the early universe: a local observer and time-averaged observables
title_short False and genuine decoherence in the early universe: a local observer and time-averaged observables
title_sort false and genuine decoherence in the early universe a local observer and time averaged observables
topic de Sitter space
Early Universe Particle Physics
Renormalization and Regularization
Quantum Dissipative Systems
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)266
work_keys_str_mv AT fumiyasano falseandgenuinedecoherenceintheearlyuniversealocalobserverandtimeaveragedobservables
AT junseitokuda falseandgenuinedecoherenceintheearlyuniversealocalobserverandtimeaveragedobservables