The Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Assessing Cognitive Function in the Elderly
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The early detection of individuals at risk of cognitive impairment is a clinical imperative. With the recent advancement of digital devices, smartphone application-based cognitive assessment is considered a promising tool for cognitive screening and monitori...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/92 |
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| author | Jin-Young Min Duri Kim Hana Jang Hyunjoo Kim Soojin Kim Seungbo Lee Yae-eun Seo Ye-jin Kim Jong-yoon Kim Kyoung-Bok Min |
| author_facet | Jin-Young Min Duri Kim Hana Jang Hyunjoo Kim Soojin Kim Seungbo Lee Yae-eun Seo Ye-jin Kim Jong-yoon Kim Kyoung-Bok Min |
| author_sort | Jin-Young Min |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> The early detection of individuals at risk of cognitive impairment is a clinical imperative. With the recent advancement of digital devices, smartphone application-based cognitive assessment is considered a promising tool for cognitive screening and monitoring inside and outside the clinic. This study examined whether a smartphone-based cognitive assessment, Brain OK, was valid for evaluating cognitive performance and identifying people at risk of cognitive impairment. <b>Methods:</b> We recruited 88 study participants aged over 60. They completed two cognitive tests with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a validated paper-and-pencil cognitive screening tool, and Brain OK, a smartphone-based cognitive testing application. To examine convergent validity, we conducted analyses of Spearman correlations between MoCA and BrainOK, a Bland–Atman plot with regression analysis, and the area under the curve (AUC). <b>Results:</b> There was a significant positive association between Brain OK and the MoCA total score, with a coefficient of 0.9044 (SE = 0.057, t = 15.750, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The Bland–Altman plot represented a reasonable level of agreement between the two tests. We conducted the AUC analysis of Brain OK to compare the cognitively normal and impaired groups. The AUC value for the Brain OK score of 13.5 was the highest at 0.941. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.958 and 0.925, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The smartphone app-based Brain OK test was feasible for assessing cognitive function and acceptable for identifying subjects with cognitive impairment. The results suggest Brain OK complements traditional in-person cognitive assessments and may help enhance cognitive health dialogue between doctors and patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e44c16e3fccb4cb199893796fd26d0dc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e44c16e3fccb4cb199893796fd26d0dc2025-01-10T13:16:42ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-01-011519210.3390/diagnostics15010092The Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Assessing Cognitive Function in the ElderlyJin-Young Min0Duri Kim1Hana Jang2Hyunjoo Kim3Soojin Kim4Seungbo Lee5Yae-eun Seo6Ye-jin Kim7Jong-yoon Kim8Kyoung-Bok Min9Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of KoreaVeterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of KoreaVeterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of KoreaVeterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of KoreaVeterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of KoreaBeluga Corp, Chang-up-ro, 54, Seongnam-si 13449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaBeluga Corp, Chang-up-ro, 54, Seongnam-si 13449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaBeluga Corp, Chang-up-ro, 54, Seongnam-si 13449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaBeluga Corp, Chang-up-ro, 54, Seongnam-si 13449, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The early detection of individuals at risk of cognitive impairment is a clinical imperative. With the recent advancement of digital devices, smartphone application-based cognitive assessment is considered a promising tool for cognitive screening and monitoring inside and outside the clinic. This study examined whether a smartphone-based cognitive assessment, Brain OK, was valid for evaluating cognitive performance and identifying people at risk of cognitive impairment. <b>Methods:</b> We recruited 88 study participants aged over 60. They completed two cognitive tests with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a validated paper-and-pencil cognitive screening tool, and Brain OK, a smartphone-based cognitive testing application. To examine convergent validity, we conducted analyses of Spearman correlations between MoCA and BrainOK, a Bland–Atman plot with regression analysis, and the area under the curve (AUC). <b>Results:</b> There was a significant positive association between Brain OK and the MoCA total score, with a coefficient of 0.9044 (SE = 0.057, t = 15.750, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The Bland–Altman plot represented a reasonable level of agreement between the two tests. We conducted the AUC analysis of Brain OK to compare the cognitively normal and impaired groups. The AUC value for the Brain OK score of 13.5 was the highest at 0.941. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.958 and 0.925, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The smartphone app-based Brain OK test was feasible for assessing cognitive function and acceptable for identifying subjects with cognitive impairment. The results suggest Brain OK complements traditional in-person cognitive assessments and may help enhance cognitive health dialogue between doctors and patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/92cognitive assessmentdigitalized toolvalidationfeasibilitycognitive impairment |
| spellingShingle | Jin-Young Min Duri Kim Hana Jang Hyunjoo Kim Soojin Kim Seungbo Lee Yae-eun Seo Ye-jin Kim Jong-yoon Kim Kyoung-Bok Min The Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Assessing Cognitive Function in the Elderly Diagnostics cognitive assessment digitalized tool validation feasibility cognitive impairment |
| title | The Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Assessing Cognitive Function in the Elderly |
| title_full | The Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Assessing Cognitive Function in the Elderly |
| title_fullStr | The Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Assessing Cognitive Function in the Elderly |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Assessing Cognitive Function in the Elderly |
| title_short | The Validity of a Smartphone-Based Application for Assessing Cognitive Function in the Elderly |
| title_sort | validity of a smartphone based application for assessing cognitive function in the elderly |
| topic | cognitive assessment digitalized tool validation feasibility cognitive impairment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/1/92 |
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