Methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
ABSTRACT The distribution of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population has expanded into areas unoccupied since the early 20th century. Up‐to‐date information on the area and extent of this distribution is crucial for federal, state, and tribal wildlife and land manage...
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Wiley
2014-03-01
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| Series: | Wildlife Society Bulletin |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.368 |
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| author | Daniel D. Bjornlie Daniel J. Thompson Mark A. Haroldson Charles C. Schwartz Kerry A. Gunther Steven L. Cain Daniel B. Tyers Kevin L. Frey Bryan C. Aber |
| author_facet | Daniel D. Bjornlie Daniel J. Thompson Mark A. Haroldson Charles C. Schwartz Kerry A. Gunther Steven L. Cain Daniel B. Tyers Kevin L. Frey Bryan C. Aber |
| author_sort | Daniel D. Bjornlie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The distribution of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population has expanded into areas unoccupied since the early 20th century. Up‐to‐date information on the area and extent of this distribution is crucial for federal, state, and tribal wildlife and land managers to make informed decisions regarding grizzly bear management. The most recent estimate of grizzly bear distribution (2004) utilized fixed‐kernel density estimators to describe distribution. This method was complex and computationally time consuming and excluded observations of unmarked bears. Our objective was to develop a technique to estimate grizzly bear distribution that would allow for the use of all verified grizzly bear location data, as well as provide the simplicity to be updated more frequently. We placed all verified grizzly bear locations from all sources from 1990 to 2004 and 1990 to 2010 onto a 3‐km × 3‐km grid and used zonal analysis and ordinary kriging to develop a predicted surface of grizzly bear distribution. We compared the area and extent of the 2004 kriging surface with the previous 2004 effort and evaluated changes in grizzly bear distribution from 2004 to 2010. The 2004 kriging surface was 2.4% smaller than the previous fixed‐kernel estimate, but more closely represented the data. Grizzly bear distribution increased 38.3% from 2004 to 2010, with most expansion in the northern and southern regions of the range. This technique can be used to provide a current estimate of grizzly bear distribution for management and conservation applications. © 2013 The Wildlife Society. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e37bdcc3f366472dab22afe3097cb52b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2328-5540 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Wildlife Society Bulletin |
| spelling | doaj-art-e37bdcc3f366472dab22afe3097cb52b2024-12-16T12:17:05ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402014-03-0138118218710.1002/wsb.368Methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone EcosystemDaniel D. Bjornlie0Daniel J. Thompson1Mark A. Haroldson2Charles C. Schwartz3Kerry A. Gunther4Steven L. Cain5Daniel B. Tyers6Kevin L. Frey7Bryan C. Aber8Large Carnivore SectionWyoming Game & Fish Department260 Buena VistaLanderWY82520USALarge Carnivore SectionWyoming Game & Fish Department260 Buena VistaLanderWY82520USAUnited States Geological SurveyNorthern Rocky Mountain Science CenterInteragency Grizzly Bear Study Team2327 University WaySuite 2BozemanMT59715USAUnited States Geological SurveyNorthern Rocky Mountain Science CenterInteragency Grizzly Bear Study Team2327 University WaySuite 2BozemanMT59715USABear Management OfficeYellowstone Center for ResourcesYellowstone National ParkP.O. Box 168Yellowstone National ParkWY82190USANational Park ServiceGrand Teton National ParkP.O. Box 170MooseWY83012USAUnited States Forest Service2327 University WaySuite 2BozemanMT59715USABear Management OfficeMontana Fish, Wildlife and Parks1400 S 19th AvenueBozemanMT59718USAIdaho Department of Fish & Game/United States Forest Service3726 Highway 20Island ParkID83429USAABSTRACT The distribution of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population has expanded into areas unoccupied since the early 20th century. Up‐to‐date information on the area and extent of this distribution is crucial for federal, state, and tribal wildlife and land managers to make informed decisions regarding grizzly bear management. The most recent estimate of grizzly bear distribution (2004) utilized fixed‐kernel density estimators to describe distribution. This method was complex and computationally time consuming and excluded observations of unmarked bears. Our objective was to develop a technique to estimate grizzly bear distribution that would allow for the use of all verified grizzly bear location data, as well as provide the simplicity to be updated more frequently. We placed all verified grizzly bear locations from all sources from 1990 to 2004 and 1990 to 2010 onto a 3‐km × 3‐km grid and used zonal analysis and ordinary kriging to develop a predicted surface of grizzly bear distribution. We compared the area and extent of the 2004 kriging surface with the previous 2004 effort and evaluated changes in grizzly bear distribution from 2004 to 2010. The 2004 kriging surface was 2.4% smaller than the previous fixed‐kernel estimate, but more closely represented the data. Grizzly bear distribution increased 38.3% from 2004 to 2010, with most expansion in the northern and southern regions of the range. This technique can be used to provide a current estimate of grizzly bear distribution for management and conservation applications. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.368ArcGISdistributionGreater Yellowstone Ecosystemgrizzly bearkrigingrange extent |
| spellingShingle | Daniel D. Bjornlie Daniel J. Thompson Mark A. Haroldson Charles C. Schwartz Kerry A. Gunther Steven L. Cain Daniel B. Tyers Kevin L. Frey Bryan C. Aber Methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Wildlife Society Bulletin ArcGIS distribution Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem grizzly bear kriging range extent |
| title | Methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem |
| title_full | Methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem |
| title_fullStr | Methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem |
| title_short | Methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem |
| title_sort | methods to estimate distribution and range extent of grizzly bears in the greater yellowstone ecosystem |
| topic | ArcGIS distribution Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem grizzly bear kriging range extent |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.368 |
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