Holy Basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline Metabolism
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is linked to choline metabolism. The present study investigated the effect of holy basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) flower water extract (OSLY) on MASLD with choline metabolism as an underlying mechanism. Rats with high-fat...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Siraphat Taesuwan Jakkapong Inchai Konpong Boonyingsathit Chanika Chimkerd Kunchit Judprasong Pornchai Rachtanapun Chatchai Muanprasat Chutima S. Vaddhanaphuti |
| author_facet | Siraphat Taesuwan Jakkapong Inchai Konpong Boonyingsathit Chanika Chimkerd Kunchit Judprasong Pornchai Rachtanapun Chatchai Muanprasat Chutima S. Vaddhanaphuti |
| author_sort | Siraphat Taesuwan |
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| description | Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is linked to choline metabolism. The present study investigated the effect of holy basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) flower water extract (OSLY) on MASLD with choline metabolism as an underlying mechanism. Rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MASLD received 250–1000 mg/kg bw of OSLY, fenofibrate, or fenofibrate + 1000 mg/kg OSLY combination. Biochemical parameters, choline metabolites, and one-carbon gene transcription were analyzed. OSLY and fenofibrate independently reduced serum LDL cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.02), liver cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and liver triglyceride levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in HFD-fed rats. Only OSLY reduced signs of liver injury and increased serum HDL. Fenofibrate influenced choline metabolism by decreasing liver glycerophosphocholine (GPC; <i>p</i> = 0.04), as well as increasing betaine (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and the betaine:choline ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.02) in HFD-fed rats. Fenofibrate (vs. HFD) increased the expression of one-carbon metabolism genes <i>Mthfd1l</i>, <i>Pemt</i>, <i>Smpd3</i>, and <i>Chka</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.04). The OSLY treatment decreased liver GPC (500 mg dose; <i>p</i> = 0.03) and increased <i>Smpd3</i> expression (1000 mg dose; <i>p</i> = 0.04). OSLY and fenofibrate showed weak synergistic effects on lipid and choline metabolism. Collectively, OSLY and fenofibrate independently improve lipid profiles in MASLD rats. The benefits of fenofibrate are partially mediated by choline/one-carbon metabolism, while those of OSLY are not mediated by this pathway. Holy basil flower extract merits further development as an alternative medicine for MASLD. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e33eda99c67147f0962d2efe92a5db732025-01-10T13:19:29ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011411310.3390/plants14010013Holy Basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline MetabolismSiraphat Taesuwan0Jakkapong Inchai1Konpong Boonyingsathit2Chanika Chimkerd3Kunchit Judprasong4Pornchai Rachtanapun5Chatchai Muanprasat6Chutima S. Vaddhanaphuti7Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandInnovative Research Unit of Epithelial Transport and Regulation (iETR), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandInstitute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandFaculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandInstitute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandChakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, ThailandInnovative Research Unit of Epithelial Transport and Regulation (iETR), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is linked to choline metabolism. The present study investigated the effect of holy basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) flower water extract (OSLY) on MASLD with choline metabolism as an underlying mechanism. Rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MASLD received 250–1000 mg/kg bw of OSLY, fenofibrate, or fenofibrate + 1000 mg/kg OSLY combination. Biochemical parameters, choline metabolites, and one-carbon gene transcription were analyzed. OSLY and fenofibrate independently reduced serum LDL cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.02), liver cholesterol (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and liver triglyceride levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in HFD-fed rats. Only OSLY reduced signs of liver injury and increased serum HDL. Fenofibrate influenced choline metabolism by decreasing liver glycerophosphocholine (GPC; <i>p</i> = 0.04), as well as increasing betaine (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and the betaine:choline ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.02) in HFD-fed rats. Fenofibrate (vs. HFD) increased the expression of one-carbon metabolism genes <i>Mthfd1l</i>, <i>Pemt</i>, <i>Smpd3</i>, and <i>Chka</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.04). The OSLY treatment decreased liver GPC (500 mg dose; <i>p</i> = 0.03) and increased <i>Smpd3</i> expression (1000 mg dose; <i>p</i> = 0.04). OSLY and fenofibrate showed weak synergistic effects on lipid and choline metabolism. Collectively, OSLY and fenofibrate independently improve lipid profiles in MASLD rats. The benefits of fenofibrate are partially mediated by choline/one-carbon metabolism, while those of OSLY are not mediated by this pathway. Holy basil flower extract merits further development as an alternative medicine for MASLD.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/13cholineholy basilmetabolic syndromenon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseobesityone-carbon metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Siraphat Taesuwan Jakkapong Inchai Konpong Boonyingsathit Chanika Chimkerd Kunchit Judprasong Pornchai Rachtanapun Chatchai Muanprasat Chutima S. Vaddhanaphuti Holy Basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline Metabolism Plants choline holy basil metabolic syndrome non-alcoholic fatty liver disease obesity one-carbon metabolism |
| title | Holy Basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline Metabolism |
| title_full | Holy Basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Holy Basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Holy Basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline Metabolism |
| title_short | Holy Basil (<i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L.) Flower and Fenofibrate Improve Lipid Profiles in Rats with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Choline Metabolism |
| title_sort | holy basil i ocimum sanctum i l flower and fenofibrate improve lipid profiles in rats with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease masld the role of choline metabolism |
| topic | choline holy basil metabolic syndrome non-alcoholic fatty liver disease obesity one-carbon metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/13 |
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