A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesis

Abstract A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent (ADES) has been developed as an efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis. The ADES was synthesized through a simple one-pot procedure involving benzyl chloride, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, and p-tolue...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fatemeh Mohammad, Najmedin Azizi, Zohreh Mirjafari, Javad Mokhtari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07279-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849334816902742016
author Fatemeh Mohammad
Najmedin Azizi
Zohreh Mirjafari
Javad Mokhtari
author_facet Fatemeh Mohammad
Najmedin Azizi
Zohreh Mirjafari
Javad Mokhtari
author_sort Fatemeh Mohammad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent (ADES) has been developed as an efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis. The ADES was synthesized through a simple one-pot procedure involving benzyl chloride, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, yielding a homogeneous liquid. Structural and compositional characterization was performed using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of the synthesized ADES was evaluated in the Pechmann condensation for the synthesis of coumarins. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions using commercially available starting materials, with reaction times ranging from 5 to 200 min and isolated yields between 72% and 97%. The process is operationally simple and readily scalable, indicating its suitability for industrial implementation. Importantly, the ADES demonstrated excellent recyclability, maintaining catalytic activity over five consecutive cycles without significant loss of efficiency which makes it an environmentally friendly and economically viable option for large-scale synthesis.
format Article
id doaj-art-e3073f63e6cb4e87b32dba59fbbf3d17
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-e3073f63e6cb4e87b32dba59fbbf3d172025-08-20T03:45:28ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-07279-wA novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesisFatemeh Mohammad0Najmedin Azizi1Zohreh Mirjafari2Javad Mokhtari3Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityChemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of IranDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityAbstract A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent (ADES) has been developed as an efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis. The ADES was synthesized through a simple one-pot procedure involving benzyl chloride, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, and p-toluenesulfonic acid, yielding a homogeneous liquid. Structural and compositional characterization was performed using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of the synthesized ADES was evaluated in the Pechmann condensation for the synthesis of coumarins. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions using commercially available starting materials, with reaction times ranging from 5 to 200 min and isolated yields between 72% and 97%. The process is operationally simple and readily scalable, indicating its suitability for industrial implementation. Importantly, the ADES demonstrated excellent recyclability, maintaining catalytic activity over five consecutive cycles without significant loss of efficiency which makes it an environmentally friendly and economically viable option for large-scale synthesis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07279-wAcidic deep eutectic solventSustainable catalysisCoumarin synthesisGreen chemistryRecyclable solvent system
spellingShingle Fatemeh Mohammad
Najmedin Azizi
Zohreh Mirjafari
Javad Mokhtari
A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesis
Scientific Reports
Acidic deep eutectic solvent
Sustainable catalysis
Coumarin synthesis
Green chemistry
Recyclable solvent system
title A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesis
title_full A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesis
title_fullStr A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesis
title_full_unstemmed A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesis
title_short A novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesis
title_sort novel acidic deep eutectic solvent for sustainable and efficient coumarin synthesis
topic Acidic deep eutectic solvent
Sustainable catalysis
Coumarin synthesis
Green chemistry
Recyclable solvent system
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07279-w
work_keys_str_mv AT fatemehmohammad anovelacidicdeepeutecticsolventforsustainableandefficientcoumarinsynthesis
AT najmedinazizi anovelacidicdeepeutecticsolventforsustainableandefficientcoumarinsynthesis
AT zohrehmirjafari anovelacidicdeepeutecticsolventforsustainableandefficientcoumarinsynthesis
AT javadmokhtari anovelacidicdeepeutecticsolventforsustainableandefficientcoumarinsynthesis
AT fatemehmohammad novelacidicdeepeutecticsolventforsustainableandefficientcoumarinsynthesis
AT najmedinazizi novelacidicdeepeutecticsolventforsustainableandefficientcoumarinsynthesis
AT zohrehmirjafari novelacidicdeepeutecticsolventforsustainableandefficientcoumarinsynthesis
AT javadmokhtari novelacidicdeepeutecticsolventforsustainableandefficientcoumarinsynthesis