Using Egg Parasitoids to Manage Caterpillars in Soybean and Maize: Benefits, Challenges, and Major Recommendations
The use of egg parasitoids in Augmentative Biological Control (ABC) is a highly effective strategy within the integrated pest management (IPM) of lepidopteran defoliators. Safer than chemical insecticides, these natural antagonists have demonstrated significant efficacy. <i>Trichogramma pretio...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Adeney de F. Bueno Weidson P. Sutil M. Fernanda Cingolani Yelitza C. Colmenarez |
| author_facet | Adeney de F. Bueno Weidson P. Sutil M. Fernanda Cingolani Yelitza C. Colmenarez |
| author_sort | Adeney de F. Bueno |
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| description | The use of egg parasitoids in Augmentative Biological Control (ABC) is a highly effective strategy within the integrated pest management (IPM) of lepidopteran defoliators. Safer than chemical insecticides, these natural antagonists have demonstrated significant efficacy. <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> and <i>Telenomus remus</i>, known for their high parasitism rates, are the most extensively used and studied parasitoids for controlling economically important lepidopterous in crops such as soybean and maize. Brazil, a leading adopter of crops expressing <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (<i>Bt</i>) proteins, faces growing field-evolved resistance to Cry proteins in soybean and maize. This resistance, particularly of <i>Rachiplusia nu</i> in soybean and <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> in maize, has become more prominent in recent years, increasing insecticide use. Therefore, this article reviews the current status of egg parasitoids adoption in ABC against lepidopteran pests, emphasizing the role of <i>Tr. pretiosum</i> and the potential of <i>Te. remus</i> as sustainable alternatives to chemical insecticides to manage pests in both non-<i>Bt</i> and <i>Bt</i> crops. Additionally, we provide recommendations for using these parasitoids in ABC programs and discuss the challenges that must be addressed to optimize the adoption of biocontrol agents in ABC programs for maximum benefit. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2da7f798ac54f12bfc15ef2ef12888b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2da7f798ac54f12bfc15ef2ef12888b2024-11-26T18:07:08ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-11-01151186910.3390/insects15110869Using Egg Parasitoids to Manage Caterpillars in Soybean and Maize: Benefits, Challenges, and Major RecommendationsAdeney de F. Bueno0Weidson P. Sutil1M. Fernanda Cingolani2Yelitza C. Colmenarez3Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária—Embrapa Soja, Londrina 86085-981, PR, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 91531-980, PR, BrazilCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Boulevard 120 s/n, Av. 60 and Calle 64, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI) Latin America and Fundação de Estudos e Pesquisas Agrícolas e Florestais (FEPAF)—Avenida Universitária, 3780, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, BrazilThe use of egg parasitoids in Augmentative Biological Control (ABC) is a highly effective strategy within the integrated pest management (IPM) of lepidopteran defoliators. Safer than chemical insecticides, these natural antagonists have demonstrated significant efficacy. <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> and <i>Telenomus remus</i>, known for their high parasitism rates, are the most extensively used and studied parasitoids for controlling economically important lepidopterous in crops such as soybean and maize. Brazil, a leading adopter of crops expressing <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (<i>Bt</i>) proteins, faces growing field-evolved resistance to Cry proteins in soybean and maize. This resistance, particularly of <i>Rachiplusia nu</i> in soybean and <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> in maize, has become more prominent in recent years, increasing insecticide use. Therefore, this article reviews the current status of egg parasitoids adoption in ABC against lepidopteran pests, emphasizing the role of <i>Tr. pretiosum</i> and the potential of <i>Te. remus</i> as sustainable alternatives to chemical insecticides to manage pests in both non-<i>Bt</i> and <i>Bt</i> crops. Additionally, we provide recommendations for using these parasitoids in ABC programs and discuss the challenges that must be addressed to optimize the adoption of biocontrol agents in ABC programs for maximum benefit.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/11/869<i>Telenomus remus</i><i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i>biological control |
| spellingShingle | Adeney de F. Bueno Weidson P. Sutil M. Fernanda Cingolani Yelitza C. Colmenarez Using Egg Parasitoids to Manage Caterpillars in Soybean and Maize: Benefits, Challenges, and Major Recommendations Insects <i>Telenomus remus</i> <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> biological control |
| title | Using Egg Parasitoids to Manage Caterpillars in Soybean and Maize: Benefits, Challenges, and Major Recommendations |
| title_full | Using Egg Parasitoids to Manage Caterpillars in Soybean and Maize: Benefits, Challenges, and Major Recommendations |
| title_fullStr | Using Egg Parasitoids to Manage Caterpillars in Soybean and Maize: Benefits, Challenges, and Major Recommendations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Egg Parasitoids to Manage Caterpillars in Soybean and Maize: Benefits, Challenges, and Major Recommendations |
| title_short | Using Egg Parasitoids to Manage Caterpillars in Soybean and Maize: Benefits, Challenges, and Major Recommendations |
| title_sort | using egg parasitoids to manage caterpillars in soybean and maize benefits challenges and major recommendations |
| topic | <i>Telenomus remus</i> <i>Trichogramma pretiosum</i> biological control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/11/869 |
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