Reference Interval for Glycated Albumin, 1,5-AG/GA, and GA/HbA1c Ratios and Cut-Off Values for Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Glycated albumin (GA) serves as a biomarker for short-term glycemic control (2–3 weeks), playing a role in diabetes management. Our goal was to establish reference intervals (RIs) for serum GA, and the ratios of 1,5-anhydroglucitol to GA (AGI) and GA to HbA1...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Yusra Al-Lahham Waldemar Volanski Liana Signorini Ademir Luiz do Prado Glaucio Valdameri Vivian Rotuno Moure Marciane Welter Alexessander C. Alves Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari Fabiane Gomes de Moraes Rego Geraldo Picheth |
| author_facet | Yusra Al-Lahham Waldemar Volanski Liana Signorini Ademir Luiz do Prado Glaucio Valdameri Vivian Rotuno Moure Marciane Welter Alexessander C. Alves Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari Fabiane Gomes de Moraes Rego Geraldo Picheth |
| author_sort | Yusra Al-Lahham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Glycated albumin (GA) serves as a biomarker for short-term glycemic control (2–3 weeks), playing a role in diabetes management. Our goal was to establish reference intervals (RIs) for serum GA, and the ratios of 1,5-anhydroglucitol to GA (AGI) and GA to HbA1c in a Euro-Brazilian pediatric population (10 y, n = 299), adults (43.5 y; n = 290), and pregnant women (26 y, n = 406; 26.5 ± 3.1 gestation weeks). <b>Methods:</b> Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was employed to determine RIs for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children (n = 148) and adults (n = 81), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 283), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n = 177). <b>Results:</b> Both non-pregnant and pregnant women exhibited GA RIs of 10.0–13.3% and 10.6–14.7%, respectively. The AGI ratio varied from 1.2–4.3 in children, 0.9–3.6 in adults, and 0.8–3.1 in pregnant women. Meanwhile, the GA/HbA1c ratio ranged from 1.8–2.6 in children and adults to 2.3–3.6 in pregnant women. GA and AGI ratios accurately differentiated between T1D and T2D, demonstrating high sensitivity (>84%) and specificity (>97%), with AGI showing superior performance (AUC > 0.99). The GA/HbA1c ratio exhibited moderate discriminatory power (AUC > 0.733) but was less effective in distinguishing adult-onset T1D and T2D, suggesting its limited utility in certain groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> The proposed RIs are consistent with those of other Caucasian populations, affirming their relevance for Euro-Brazilian patients. The GA and AGI ratios emerge as valuable diagnostic tools for T1D and T2D, though their reduced sensitivity in diagnosing GDM warrants further investigation. Clinicians might leverage GA and AGI ratios for more tailored diabetes management, especially when HbA1c results are not optimal. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2c0db3d152347f1b0d94a7e73c5a6af |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2c0db3d152347f1b0d94a7e73c5a6af2024-12-27T14:12:25ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-11-011212265110.3390/biomedicines12122651Reference Interval for Glycated Albumin, 1,5-AG/GA, and GA/HbA1c Ratios and Cut-Off Values for Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional StudyYusra Al-Lahham0Waldemar Volanski1Liana Signorini2Ademir Luiz do Prado3Glaucio Valdameri4Vivian Rotuno Moure5Marciane Welter6Alexessander C. Alves7Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari8Fabiane Gomes de Moraes Rego9Geraldo Picheth10Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilSchool of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UKGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, BrazilGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Glycated albumin (GA) serves as a biomarker for short-term glycemic control (2–3 weeks), playing a role in diabetes management. Our goal was to establish reference intervals (RIs) for serum GA, and the ratios of 1,5-anhydroglucitol to GA (AGI) and GA to HbA1c in a Euro-Brazilian pediatric population (10 y, n = 299), adults (43.5 y; n = 290), and pregnant women (26 y, n = 406; 26.5 ± 3.1 gestation weeks). <b>Methods:</b> Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was employed to determine RIs for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children (n = 148) and adults (n = 81), type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 283), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n = 177). <b>Results:</b> Both non-pregnant and pregnant women exhibited GA RIs of 10.0–13.3% and 10.6–14.7%, respectively. The AGI ratio varied from 1.2–4.3 in children, 0.9–3.6 in adults, and 0.8–3.1 in pregnant women. Meanwhile, the GA/HbA1c ratio ranged from 1.8–2.6 in children and adults to 2.3–3.6 in pregnant women. GA and AGI ratios accurately differentiated between T1D and T2D, demonstrating high sensitivity (>84%) and specificity (>97%), with AGI showing superior performance (AUC > 0.99). The GA/HbA1c ratio exhibited moderate discriminatory power (AUC > 0.733) but was less effective in distinguishing adult-onset T1D and T2D, suggesting its limited utility in certain groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> The proposed RIs are consistent with those of other Caucasian populations, affirming their relevance for Euro-Brazilian patients. The GA and AGI ratios emerge as valuable diagnostic tools for T1D and T2D, though their reduced sensitivity in diagnosing GDM warrants further investigation. Clinicians might leverage GA and AGI ratios for more tailored diabetes management, especially when HbA1c results are not optimal.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2651glycated albumin1,5-anhydroglucitolglycated hemoglobindiabetesglycemic controlglycemic biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Yusra Al-Lahham Waldemar Volanski Liana Signorini Ademir Luiz do Prado Glaucio Valdameri Vivian Rotuno Moure Marciane Welter Alexessander C. Alves Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari Fabiane Gomes de Moraes Rego Geraldo Picheth Reference Interval for Glycated Albumin, 1,5-AG/GA, and GA/HbA1c Ratios and Cut-Off Values for Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study Biomedicines glycated albumin 1,5-anhydroglucitol glycated hemoglobin diabetes glycemic control glycemic biomarkers |
| title | Reference Interval for Glycated Albumin, 1,5-AG/GA, and GA/HbA1c Ratios and Cut-Off Values for Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Reference Interval for Glycated Albumin, 1,5-AG/GA, and GA/HbA1c Ratios and Cut-Off Values for Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Reference Interval for Glycated Albumin, 1,5-AG/GA, and GA/HbA1c Ratios and Cut-Off Values for Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reference Interval for Glycated Albumin, 1,5-AG/GA, and GA/HbA1c Ratios and Cut-Off Values for Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Reference Interval for Glycated Albumin, 1,5-AG/GA, and GA/HbA1c Ratios and Cut-Off Values for Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | reference interval for glycated albumin 1 5 ag ga and ga hba1c ratios and cut off values for type 1 type 2 and gestational diabetes a cross sectional study |
| topic | glycated albumin 1,5-anhydroglucitol glycated hemoglobin diabetes glycemic control glycemic biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2651 |
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