Securing X-Ray Images in No Interest Region (NIR) of the Normalized Cover Image by Edge Steganography
Focusing on enhancing the security and privacy of electronic medical images (EMI) which have varying properties and larger in number before they are stored or transmitted by hospitals, labs, and researchers or while they reside in third party storage. EMI should be anywhere, anytime accessible for r...
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| author | Divya Sharma Chander Prabha Deepali Gupta Sapna Juneja Mohammed Abd-Elnaby Fahad Alraddady Ali Nauman |
| author_facet | Divya Sharma Chander Prabha Deepali Gupta Sapna Juneja Mohammed Abd-Elnaby Fahad Alraddady Ali Nauman |
| author_sort | Divya Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Focusing on enhancing the security and privacy of electronic medical images (EMI) which have varying properties and larger in number before they are stored or transmitted by hospitals, labs, and researchers or while they reside in third party storage. EMI should be anywhere, anytime accessible for referencing and medical diagnosis. Therefore, should be accessible in real-time through real-time applications (RTA). This research work uses a large data set having 5856 X-ray images of a total size of 1.6 GB in JPEG format each of these X-ray images vary in properties such as size and dimensions. Two methods have been implemented for enhancing security and privacy Edge-Based Steganography (EBS) and Block-Based Steganography (BBS) in the region of no interest (RONI) of the normalized cover image. Both methods are compared for enhancement concerning steganography properties such as payload capacity, imperceptibility, security, reduction in computational time, and lesser computational complexity which increases their applicability for RTA. RTA makes EMI accessible on heterogeneous devices, therefore, increasing its scalability and usage. This paper performs comparative evaluation based on standardized tests such as Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Metrics (SSIM), Coefficient of Variation (CV), and Pearson Correlation (R), etc. Results show that both methods achieved a 100% embedding rate, SSIM value close to 1, and low average MSE value of 0.005 for EBS secret images and 0.003 for BBS secret images. Results indicate both methods are capable of hiding large data sets within minutes therefore making them both suitable for RTA while the EBS method takes 2.3 minutes which is less than BBS’s 3.6 minutes encoding time for 5856 images. Therefore, the EBS method was found more suitable than the BBS method based on computational time. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e2b0d6615e0c4f84be9d58a44b5003f1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2b0d6615e0c4f84be9d58a44b5003f12024-11-21T00:00:17ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011216867216868910.1109/ACCESS.2024.346716710689533Securing X-Ray Images in No Interest Region (NIR) of the Normalized Cover Image by Edge SteganographyDivya Sharma0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4671-957XChander Prabha1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-7289Deepali Gupta2Sapna Juneja3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4601-7679Mohammed Abd-Elnaby4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-1190Fahad Alraddady5Ali Nauman6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-5286Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, IndiaChitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, IndiaChitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, IndiaKIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, IndiaDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of KoreaFocusing on enhancing the security and privacy of electronic medical images (EMI) which have varying properties and larger in number before they are stored or transmitted by hospitals, labs, and researchers or while they reside in third party storage. EMI should be anywhere, anytime accessible for referencing and medical diagnosis. Therefore, should be accessible in real-time through real-time applications (RTA). This research work uses a large data set having 5856 X-ray images of a total size of 1.6 GB in JPEG format each of these X-ray images vary in properties such as size and dimensions. Two methods have been implemented for enhancing security and privacy Edge-Based Steganography (EBS) and Block-Based Steganography (BBS) in the region of no interest (RONI) of the normalized cover image. Both methods are compared for enhancement concerning steganography properties such as payload capacity, imperceptibility, security, reduction in computational time, and lesser computational complexity which increases their applicability for RTA. RTA makes EMI accessible on heterogeneous devices, therefore, increasing its scalability and usage. This paper performs comparative evaluation based on standardized tests such as Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index Metrics (SSIM), Coefficient of Variation (CV), and Pearson Correlation (R), etc. Results show that both methods achieved a 100% embedding rate, SSIM value close to 1, and low average MSE value of 0.005 for EBS secret images and 0.003 for BBS secret images. Results indicate both methods are capable of hiding large data sets within minutes therefore making them both suitable for RTA while the EBS method takes 2.3 minutes which is less than BBS’s 3.6 minutes encoding time for 5856 images. Therefore, the EBS method was found more suitable than the BBS method based on computational time.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10689533/SecuritysteganographyInternet of Medical Things (IoMT)real-time applications (RTA)region of no interest (RONI)electronic medical image (EMI) |
| spellingShingle | Divya Sharma Chander Prabha Deepali Gupta Sapna Juneja Mohammed Abd-Elnaby Fahad Alraddady Ali Nauman Securing X-Ray Images in No Interest Region (NIR) of the Normalized Cover Image by Edge Steganography IEEE Access Security steganography Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) real-time applications (RTA) region of no interest (RONI) electronic medical image (EMI) |
| title | Securing X-Ray Images in No Interest Region (NIR) of the Normalized Cover Image by Edge Steganography |
| title_full | Securing X-Ray Images in No Interest Region (NIR) of the Normalized Cover Image by Edge Steganography |
| title_fullStr | Securing X-Ray Images in No Interest Region (NIR) of the Normalized Cover Image by Edge Steganography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Securing X-Ray Images in No Interest Region (NIR) of the Normalized Cover Image by Edge Steganography |
| title_short | Securing X-Ray Images in No Interest Region (NIR) of the Normalized Cover Image by Edge Steganography |
| title_sort | securing x ray images in no interest region nir of the normalized cover image by edge steganography |
| topic | Security steganography Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) real-time applications (RTA) region of no interest (RONI) electronic medical image (EMI) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10689533/ |
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