BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis
Abstract Coinfections can alter the adaptive immune responses to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and hinder accurate diagnosis; however, their effect on host immunity to Mycobacterium bovis and disease progression is not well understood. In this study, we assessed the impact of natural coinfection with bo...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13121-0 |
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| author | Álvaro Menin Natana Maria Metinoski Bueno Maria Eduarda Hindlmayer Carolina Reck Lucas de Lima Nogueira Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto André Báfica |
| author_facet | Álvaro Menin Natana Maria Metinoski Bueno Maria Eduarda Hindlmayer Carolina Reck Lucas de Lima Nogueira Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto André Báfica |
| author_sort | Álvaro Menin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Coinfections can alter the adaptive immune responses to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and hinder accurate diagnosis; however, their effect on host immunity to Mycobacterium bovis and disease progression is not well understood. In this study, we assessed the impact of natural coinfection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on immune responses to M. bovis. Among 108 cattle examined, those coinfected with BLV showed a significantly higher intragranulomatous mycobacterial burden and more severe pathological lesions compared to animals infected with M. bovis alone. Additionally, coinfected animals demonstrated a granulomatous response characterized by reduced lymphocyte populations, increased neutrophil infiltration, and diminished granuloma encapsulation, suggesting a compromised antimycobacterial immune response. Supporting this hypothesis, BLV-infected cattle exposed to mycobacterial antigens displayed impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity (type IV hypersensitivity) to a purified protein derivative of M. bovis as well as reduced antibody response. These findings indicate that BLV coinfection influences the immunopathogenesis of bTB, exacerbates disease progression in cattle naturally infected with M. bovis, and may reduce the predictive reliability of diagnostic methods used in bTB control programs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e28b16712db14c1a838b19e4c84ead4f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e28b16712db14c1a838b19e4c84ead4f2025-08-24T11:27:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-011511910.1038/s41598-025-13121-0BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosisÁlvaro Menin0Natana Maria Metinoski Bueno1Maria Eduarda Hindlmayer2Carolina Reck3Lucas de Lima Nogueira4Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto5André Báfica6Department of Biosciences and One Health, Federal University of Santa CatarinaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa CatarinaVeterinary Research and Diagnostics Institute/VERTÁ LaboratoriesVeterinary Research and Diagnostics Institute/VERTÁ LaboratoriesDepartment of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of CearáDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa CatarinaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa CatarinaAbstract Coinfections can alter the adaptive immune responses to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and hinder accurate diagnosis; however, their effect on host immunity to Mycobacterium bovis and disease progression is not well understood. In this study, we assessed the impact of natural coinfection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on immune responses to M. bovis. Among 108 cattle examined, those coinfected with BLV showed a significantly higher intragranulomatous mycobacterial burden and more severe pathological lesions compared to animals infected with M. bovis alone. Additionally, coinfected animals demonstrated a granulomatous response characterized by reduced lymphocyte populations, increased neutrophil infiltration, and diminished granuloma encapsulation, suggesting a compromised antimycobacterial immune response. Supporting this hypothesis, BLV-infected cattle exposed to mycobacterial antigens displayed impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity (type IV hypersensitivity) to a purified protein derivative of M. bovis as well as reduced antibody response. These findings indicate that BLV coinfection influences the immunopathogenesis of bTB, exacerbates disease progression in cattle naturally infected with M. bovis, and may reduce the predictive reliability of diagnostic methods used in bTB control programs.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13121-0ImmunopathologyGranulomaTuberculosisBovine leukosis virusMycobacterium bovis |
| spellingShingle | Álvaro Menin Natana Maria Metinoski Bueno Maria Eduarda Hindlmayer Carolina Reck Lucas de Lima Nogueira Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto André Báfica BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis Scientific Reports Immunopathology Granuloma Tuberculosis Bovine leukosis virus Mycobacterium bovis |
| title | BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis |
| title_full | BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis |
| title_short | BLV coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis |
| title_sort | blv coinfection impairs immunity and diagnostics in bovine tuberculosis |
| topic | Immunopathology Granuloma Tuberculosis Bovine leukosis virus Mycobacterium bovis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13121-0 |
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