Immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases: who really needs it

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma patients are often found to have developed bone metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. With the continuous development of technology, we have successfully entered the era of immunotherapy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung adenoca...

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Main Authors: Zhangheng Huang, Yuexin Tong, Lujian Zhu, Binbin Yang, Kai Chen, Peiling Dai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1457916/full
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author Zhangheng Huang
Yuexin Tong
Lujian Zhu
Binbin Yang
Kai Chen
Peiling Dai
author_facet Zhangheng Huang
Yuexin Tong
Lujian Zhu
Binbin Yang
Kai Chen
Peiling Dai
author_sort Zhangheng Huang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma patients are often found to have developed bone metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. With the continuous development of technology, we have successfully entered the era of immunotherapy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases (LABM) through a multicenter retrospective analysis and to develop a novel tool to identify the population that could benefit most from immunotherapy.MethodsTo assess the impact of immunotherapy on LABM in terms of overall survival, we used analytical tools such as Kaplan-Meier analysis, Log-ranch test, and propensity score matching (PSM) method. A predictive model for constructing overall survival was constructed using Cox regression modeling. Based on this, we developed a risk classification system depicting Kaplan-Meier curves for subgroup analysis to determine the optimal beneficiary population for immunotherapy in different risk subgroups.ResultsA total of 20073 eligible patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 8010 did not receive immunotherapy, while 12063 patients received immunotherapy. After 1:1 PSM, 15848 patients were successfully coordinated, yielding a balanced cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed significantly enhanced overall survival (P < 0.001) in patients who received immunotherapy compared to those who did not. The results of Cox regression analyses showed that age, race, sex, primary site, immunotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, and marital status were independent prognostic factors. The area under the curve for all three cohorts was close to 0.7, indicating that the model was well-discriminating. The calibration curves further proved that the model had a high predictive accuracy. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model could achieve a high net clinical benefit. The risk classification system developed based on the model successfully screened the best beneficiary population for immunotherapy.ConclusionThis study provides convincing evidence that immunotherapy provides a significant survival advantage for LABM. Secondly, the clinical tools constructed in this study can help clinicians identify the optimal population to benefit from immunotherapy in LABM, thus enabling precise treatment and avoiding the waste of medical resources and over-treatment of patients.
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spelling doaj-art-e1d4b5c9300c42a18449e03c6d28d8ef2024-12-13T08:21:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-12-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.14579161457916Immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases: who really needs itZhangheng Huang0Yuexin Tong1Lujian Zhu2Binbin Yang3Kai Chen4Peiling Dai5Department of Orthopaedics (Spine Surgery), The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma patients are often found to have developed bone metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. With the continuous development of technology, we have successfully entered the era of immunotherapy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases (LABM) through a multicenter retrospective analysis and to develop a novel tool to identify the population that could benefit most from immunotherapy.MethodsTo assess the impact of immunotherapy on LABM in terms of overall survival, we used analytical tools such as Kaplan-Meier analysis, Log-ranch test, and propensity score matching (PSM) method. A predictive model for constructing overall survival was constructed using Cox regression modeling. Based on this, we developed a risk classification system depicting Kaplan-Meier curves for subgroup analysis to determine the optimal beneficiary population for immunotherapy in different risk subgroups.ResultsA total of 20073 eligible patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 8010 did not receive immunotherapy, while 12063 patients received immunotherapy. After 1:1 PSM, 15848 patients were successfully coordinated, yielding a balanced cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed significantly enhanced overall survival (P < 0.001) in patients who received immunotherapy compared to those who did not. The results of Cox regression analyses showed that age, race, sex, primary site, immunotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, and marital status were independent prognostic factors. The area under the curve for all three cohorts was close to 0.7, indicating that the model was well-discriminating. The calibration curves further proved that the model had a high predictive accuracy. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model could achieve a high net clinical benefit. The risk classification system developed based on the model successfully screened the best beneficiary population for immunotherapy.ConclusionThis study provides convincing evidence that immunotherapy provides a significant survival advantage for LABM. Secondly, the clinical tools constructed in this study can help clinicians identify the optimal population to benefit from immunotherapy in LABM, thus enabling precise treatment and avoiding the waste of medical resources and over-treatment of patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1457916/fullimmunotherapylung cancerbone metastasesSEERprognosis
spellingShingle Zhangheng Huang
Yuexin Tong
Lujian Zhu
Binbin Yang
Kai Chen
Peiling Dai
Immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases: who really needs it
Frontiers in Immunology
immunotherapy
lung cancer
bone metastases
SEER
prognosis
title Immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases: who really needs it
title_full Immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases: who really needs it
title_fullStr Immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases: who really needs it
title_full_unstemmed Immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases: who really needs it
title_short Immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases: who really needs it
title_sort immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma patients with bone metastases who really needs it
topic immunotherapy
lung cancer
bone metastases
SEER
prognosis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1457916/full
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AT lujianzhu immunotherapyforlungadenocarcinomapatientswithbonemetastaseswhoreallyneedsit
AT binbinyang immunotherapyforlungadenocarcinomapatientswithbonemetastaseswhoreallyneedsit
AT kaichen immunotherapyforlungadenocarcinomapatientswithbonemetastaseswhoreallyneedsit
AT peilingdai immunotherapyforlungadenocarcinomapatientswithbonemetastaseswhoreallyneedsit