Optimizing Heat Pump Control in an NZEB via Model Predictive Control and Building Simulation
EU regulations get stricter from 2028 on by imposing net-zero energy building (NZEB) standards on new residential buildings including on-site renewable energy integration. Heat pumps (HP) using thermal building mass, and Model Predictive Control (MPC) provide a viable solution to this problem. Howev...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/100 |
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| author | Christian Baumann Philipp Wohlgenannt Wolfgang Streicher Peter Kepplinger |
| author_facet | Christian Baumann Philipp Wohlgenannt Wolfgang Streicher Peter Kepplinger |
| author_sort | Christian Baumann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | EU regulations get stricter from 2028 on by imposing net-zero energy building (NZEB) standards on new residential buildings including on-site renewable energy integration. Heat pumps (HP) using thermal building mass, and Model Predictive Control (MPC) provide a viable solution to this problem. However, the MPC potential in NZEBs considering the impact on indoor comfort have not yet been investigated comprehensively. Therefore, we present a co-simulative approach combining MPC optimization and <i>IDA ICE</i> building simulation. The demand response (DR) potential of a ground-source HP and the long-term indoor comfort in an NZEB located in Vorarlberg, Austria over a one year period are investigated. Optimization is performed using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based on a simplified RC model. The HP in the building simulation is controlled by power signals obtained from the optimization. The investigation shows reductions in electricity costs of up to 49% for the HP and up to 5% for the building, as well as increases in PV self-consumption and the self-sufficiency ratio by up to 4% pt., respectively, in two distinct optimization scenarios. Consequently, the grid consumption decreased by up to 5%. Moreover, compared to the reference PI controller, the MPC scenarios enhanced indoor comfort by reducing room temperature fluctuations and lowering the average percentage of people dissatisfied by 1% pt., resulting in more stable indoor conditions. Especially precooling strategies mitigated overheating risks in summer and ensured indoor comfort according to EN 16798-1 class II standards. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e15af2f0a87d48c4a2e194129d9b1c02 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-e15af2f0a87d48c4a2e194129d9b1c022025-01-10T13:17:06ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-12-0118110010.3390/en18010100Optimizing Heat Pump Control in an NZEB via Model Predictive Control and Building SimulationChristian Baumann0Philipp Wohlgenannt1Wolfgang Streicher2Peter Kepplinger3Illwerke vkw Endowed Professorship for Energy Efficiency, Energy Research Centre, Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, 6850 Dornbirn, AustriaIllwerke vkw Endowed Professorship for Energy Efficiency, Energy Research Centre, Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, 6850 Dornbirn, AustriaUnit of Energy Efficient Buildings, Department of Structural Engineering and Material Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Techniker Str. 13, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaIllwerke vkw Endowed Professorship for Energy Efficiency, Energy Research Centre, Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, 6850 Dornbirn, AustriaEU regulations get stricter from 2028 on by imposing net-zero energy building (NZEB) standards on new residential buildings including on-site renewable energy integration. Heat pumps (HP) using thermal building mass, and Model Predictive Control (MPC) provide a viable solution to this problem. However, the MPC potential in NZEBs considering the impact on indoor comfort have not yet been investigated comprehensively. Therefore, we present a co-simulative approach combining MPC optimization and <i>IDA ICE</i> building simulation. The demand response (DR) potential of a ground-source HP and the long-term indoor comfort in an NZEB located in Vorarlberg, Austria over a one year period are investigated. Optimization is performed using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based on a simplified RC model. The HP in the building simulation is controlled by power signals obtained from the optimization. The investigation shows reductions in electricity costs of up to 49% for the HP and up to 5% for the building, as well as increases in PV self-consumption and the self-sufficiency ratio by up to 4% pt., respectively, in two distinct optimization scenarios. Consequently, the grid consumption decreased by up to 5%. Moreover, compared to the reference PI controller, the MPC scenarios enhanced indoor comfort by reducing room temperature fluctuations and lowering the average percentage of people dissatisfied by 1% pt., resulting in more stable indoor conditions. Especially precooling strategies mitigated overheating risks in summer and ensured indoor comfort according to EN 16798-1 class II standards.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/100heat pumpModel Predictive Control (MPC)Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP)PV self-consumptiondemand responsenet-zero energy building (NZEB) |
| spellingShingle | Christian Baumann Philipp Wohlgenannt Wolfgang Streicher Peter Kepplinger Optimizing Heat Pump Control in an NZEB via Model Predictive Control and Building Simulation Energies heat pump Model Predictive Control (MPC) Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) PV self-consumption demand response net-zero energy building (NZEB) |
| title | Optimizing Heat Pump Control in an NZEB via Model Predictive Control and Building Simulation |
| title_full | Optimizing Heat Pump Control in an NZEB via Model Predictive Control and Building Simulation |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing Heat Pump Control in an NZEB via Model Predictive Control and Building Simulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing Heat Pump Control in an NZEB via Model Predictive Control and Building Simulation |
| title_short | Optimizing Heat Pump Control in an NZEB via Model Predictive Control and Building Simulation |
| title_sort | optimizing heat pump control in an nzeb via model predictive control and building simulation |
| topic | heat pump Model Predictive Control (MPC) Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) PV self-consumption demand response net-zero energy building (NZEB) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/100 |
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