Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)
The white button mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) is a widely cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, which contains various active substances, and has application value against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. Firstly, <i>A. bisporus</i> water extract (AB-WE) was pre...
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2025-08-01
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| author | Shujun Sun Jing Chen Pan Cui Xiaoxiao Yang Yuhan Zheng Zijian Ma Yong Liu Xiang Liu |
| author_facet | Shujun Sun Jing Chen Pan Cui Xiaoxiao Yang Yuhan Zheng Zijian Ma Yong Liu Xiang Liu |
| author_sort | Shujun Sun |
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| description | The white button mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) is a widely cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, which contains various active substances, and has application value against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. Firstly, <i>A. bisporus</i> water extract (AB-WE) was prepared. Through the detection kits, it was found that the polysaccharide, protein, and polyphenol components of AB-WE were 9.11%, 3.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. The 246 compounds were identified in AB-WE, and the major small-molecule components included L-Isoleucine, L-Tyrosine, L-Valine, and Linoleic acid by HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. Secondly, the AB-WE was evaluated for its immunological activities through dietary administration and pathogen challenge (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>). The results showed that the levels of immune factors of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM) increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in goldfish, and the relative percentage survival of AB-WE against <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>V. fluvialis</i> were 80.00% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 81.82% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. The AB-WE reduced the bacterial content in renal tissue, enhanced the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of antioxidant-related factors and inflammatory factors. Through histopathological and immunofluorescence techniques, it was found that AB-WE maintained the integrity of visceral tissues and reduced renal tissue apoptosis and DNA damage. Therefore, AB-WE exhibits immunoprotective activity against <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>V. fluvialis</i> infections in fish, and holds promise as an immunotherapeutic agent against major pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e105c1c1eb3d45e7b1194a3581eba3ad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-e105c1c1eb3d45e7b1194a3581eba3ad2025-08-20T04:00:49ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-08-011515225710.3390/ani15152257Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)Shujun Sun0Jing Chen1Pan Cui2Xiaoxiao Yang3Yuhan Zheng4Zijian Ma5Yong Liu6Xiang Liu7Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, ChinaThe white button mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) is a widely cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, which contains various active substances, and has application value against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. Firstly, <i>A. bisporus</i> water extract (AB-WE) was prepared. Through the detection kits, it was found that the polysaccharide, protein, and polyphenol components of AB-WE were 9.11%, 3.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. The 246 compounds were identified in AB-WE, and the major small-molecule components included L-Isoleucine, L-Tyrosine, L-Valine, and Linoleic acid by HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. Secondly, the AB-WE was evaluated for its immunological activities through dietary administration and pathogen challenge (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>). The results showed that the levels of immune factors of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM) increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in goldfish, and the relative percentage survival of AB-WE against <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>V. fluvialis</i> were 80.00% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 81.82% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. The AB-WE reduced the bacterial content in renal tissue, enhanced the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of antioxidant-related factors and inflammatory factors. Through histopathological and immunofluorescence techniques, it was found that AB-WE maintained the integrity of visceral tissues and reduced renal tissue apoptosis and DNA damage. Therefore, AB-WE exhibits immunoprotective activity against <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>V. fluvialis</i> infections in fish, and holds promise as an immunotherapeutic agent against major pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2257<i>Carassius auratus</i><i>Agaricus bisporus</i> water extract<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i><i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>immunotherapeutic agent |
| spellingShingle | Shujun Sun Jing Chen Pan Cui Xiaoxiao Yang Yuhan Zheng Zijian Ma Yong Liu Xiang Liu Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) Animals <i>Carassius auratus</i> <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> water extract <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i> immunotherapeutic agent |
| title | Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_full | Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_short | Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>) |
| title_sort | evaluation of immunoprotective activities of white button mushroom i agaricus bisporus i water extract against major pathogenic bacteria i aeromonas hydrophila i or i vibrio fluvialis i in goldfish i carassius auratus i |
| topic | <i>Carassius auratus</i> <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> water extract <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i> immunotherapeutic agent |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2257 |
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