Evaluation of Immunoprotective Activities of White Button Mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) Water Extract Against Major Pathogenic Bacteria (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> or <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in Goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>)
The white button mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) is a widely cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, which contains various active substances, and has application value against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. Firstly, <i>A. bisporus</i> water extract (AB-WE) was pre...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/15/2257 |
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| Summary: | The white button mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) is a widely cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, which contains various active substances, and has application value against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. Firstly, <i>A. bisporus</i> water extract (AB-WE) was prepared. Through the detection kits, it was found that the polysaccharide, protein, and polyphenol components of AB-WE were 9.11%, 3.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. The 246 compounds were identified in AB-WE, and the major small-molecule components included L-Isoleucine, L-Tyrosine, L-Valine, and Linoleic acid by HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. Secondly, the AB-WE was evaluated for its immunological activities through dietary administration and pathogen challenge (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i>) in goldfish (<i>Carassius auratus</i>). The results showed that the levels of immune factors of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM) increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in goldfish, and the relative percentage survival of AB-WE against <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>V. fluvialis</i> were 80.00% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and 81.82% (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. The AB-WE reduced the bacterial content in renal tissue, enhanced the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of antioxidant-related factors and inflammatory factors. Through histopathological and immunofluorescence techniques, it was found that AB-WE maintained the integrity of visceral tissues and reduced renal tissue apoptosis and DNA damage. Therefore, AB-WE exhibits immunoprotective activity against <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>V. fluvialis</i> infections in fish, and holds promise as an immunotherapeutic agent against major pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-2615 |