Association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patients
Background: Rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes have led to a surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rates and its microvascular complications. Objective: : To assess the association between microvascular complications and the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2...
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Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College |
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| Online Access: | https://journal.smdc.edu.pk/index.php/journal/article/view/278 |
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| author | Rekha Vankwani Mukesh Kumar Pooran Mal Sunil Gurbukshani |
| author_facet | Rekha Vankwani Mukesh Kumar Pooran Mal Sunil Gurbukshani |
| author_sort | Rekha Vankwani |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Background: Rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes have led to a surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rates and its microvascular complications.
Objective: : To assess the association between microvascular complications and the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare HbA1c levels across the different stages of CKD.
Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted from 27th October 2022 to 26th April 2023 at outpatient Department of Nephrology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Data was collected after approval from the Ethical Research Committee (LUMHS/REC/-243). Informed consent was obtained from 136 patients, males and females, 45 to 65 years of age, type 2 diabetics (for more than 10 years) with diagnosed CKD. The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula was used to estimate eGFR for chronic kidney disease staging. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed using fundoscopic examination and diabetic neuropathy was confirmed by symptoms and positive signs on examination. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Results: Out of 136 patients, 75 (55.15%) were males and 61 (44.85%) were females. Mean age, eGFR, HbA1c, and duration of diabetes were 53.27 ±6.39 years, 54.55±27.26 mL/min/1.73 m², 9.02±1.67% and 14.06±4.05 years. The analysis showed that 8.1%, 40.4%, 22.05%, 22.05%, and 7.4% of patients were in CKD stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. There was a significant association between diabetic microvascular complications, retinopathy and neuropathy, and the stages of CKD (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There is an association between microvascular complications i.e. neuropathy and retinopathy and the stages of CKD in type 2 diabetic patients. Additionally, HbA1c levels varied across CKD stages, highlighting the relationship between glycemic control and kidney function.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e060dd8a9f0b4b39abaf98f978a010a9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2789-3669 2789-3677 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College |
| spelling | doaj-art-e060dd8a9f0b4b39abaf98f978a010a92024-12-31T12:50:50ZengShalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore, PakistanJournal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College2789-36692789-36772024-12-015210.53685/jshmdc.v5i2.278Association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patientsRekha Vankwani0Mukesh Kumar1Pooran Mal2Sunil Gurbukshani3Department of Medicine, Liaquat University and Medical Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan Department of Nephrology, Liaquat University and Medical Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, PakistanDepartment of Nephrology, Liaquat University and Medical Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, PakistanDepartment of Nephrology, Liaquat University and Medical Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan Background: Rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes have led to a surge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rates and its microvascular complications. Objective: : To assess the association between microvascular complications and the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare HbA1c levels across the different stages of CKD. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted from 27th October 2022 to 26th April 2023 at outpatient Department of Nephrology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Data was collected after approval from the Ethical Research Committee (LUMHS/REC/-243). Informed consent was obtained from 136 patients, males and females, 45 to 65 years of age, type 2 diabetics (for more than 10 years) with diagnosed CKD. The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula was used to estimate eGFR for chronic kidney disease staging. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed using fundoscopic examination and diabetic neuropathy was confirmed by symptoms and positive signs on examination. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results: Out of 136 patients, 75 (55.15%) were males and 61 (44.85%) were females. Mean age, eGFR, HbA1c, and duration of diabetes were 53.27 ±6.39 years, 54.55±27.26 mL/min/1.73 m², 9.02±1.67% and 14.06±4.05 years. The analysis showed that 8.1%, 40.4%, 22.05%, 22.05%, and 7.4% of patients were in CKD stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. There was a significant association between diabetic microvascular complications, retinopathy and neuropathy, and the stages of CKD (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is an association between microvascular complications i.e. neuropathy and retinopathy and the stages of CKD in type 2 diabetic patients. Additionally, HbA1c levels varied across CKD stages, highlighting the relationship between glycemic control and kidney function. https://journal.smdc.edu.pk/index.php/journal/article/view/278Diabetes mellitusEstimated glomerular filtration rateChronic kidney diseaseMicrovascular complications |
| spellingShingle | Rekha Vankwani Mukesh Kumar Pooran Mal Sunil Gurbukshani Association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patients Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College Diabetes mellitus Estimated glomerular filtration rate Chronic kidney disease Microvascular complications |
| title | Association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patients |
| title_full | Association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patients |
| title_fullStr | Association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patients |
| title_short | Association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patients |
| title_sort | association between microvascular complications and chronic kidney disease stages in type 2 diabetic patients |
| topic | Diabetes mellitus Estimated glomerular filtration rate Chronic kidney disease Microvascular complications |
| url | https://journal.smdc.edu.pk/index.php/journal/article/view/278 |
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