Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study

Objectives Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that requires lifestyle amendment, demanding treatment and regular glycaemic control, all of which can significantly impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of affected children. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of T1DM in...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Samir Boukthir, Salem Yahyaoui, Nada Missaoui, Sonia Mazigh, Sofien Atitallah, Farah Hassine, Rania Ben Rabeh, Olfa Bouyahia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100825.full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849317391170797568
author Samir Boukthir
Salem Yahyaoui
Nada Missaoui
Sonia Mazigh
Sofien Atitallah
Farah Hassine
Rania Ben Rabeh
Olfa Bouyahia
author_facet Samir Boukthir
Salem Yahyaoui
Nada Missaoui
Sonia Mazigh
Sofien Atitallah
Farah Hassine
Rania Ben Rabeh
Olfa Bouyahia
author_sort Samir Boukthir
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that requires lifestyle amendment, demanding treatment and regular glycaemic control, all of which can significantly impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of affected children. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of T1DM in a Tunisian paediatric population and to identify the influencing factors.Design This was a cross-sectional study.Setting The study was conducted at a tertiary care paediatric hospital in Tunis, Tunisia, over a 6-month period from November 2022 to April 2023.Participants A total of 120 children with T1DM, aged 3–17 years, and their parents were enrolled. Inclusion criteria included children with a confirmed diagnosis of T1DM and regular follow-up at the study centre.Outcome measures HRQoL of children with T1DM was assessed using the validated Tunisian version of the KINDL-R questionnaire. The KINDL-R scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better perceived HRQoL.Results We included 120 children with T1DM. HRQoL was considered satisfactory in 94 children (78.3%), with a mean total score of 69±20.8 (range: 21.4–99.3). Parents reported significantly lower HRQoL scores compared with their children’s self-assessments, with a mean total score of 59.2±20.4 (range: 14.3–97.5). Multivariate linear regression analysis identified several factors independently associated with impaired HRQoL, including a glycated haemoglobin level >9%, a child’s age greater than 14 years, a history of ketoacidosis decompensation, a daily insulin dose ≥0.78 IU/kg/day, more than 10 hypoglycaemic episodes per month and parental divorce. Conversely, the use of insulin analogues and good academic performance were independently associated with a more satisfactory HRQoL.Conclusions T1DM is not exclusively a clinical and biological condition, but it also affects the psychological well-being of the child and the entire family dynamic. Despite its recognised importance, psychosocial support is still insufficient. Therapeutic education programmes seem to be a relevant initiative for improving the HRQoL of children with T1DM.
format Article
id doaj-art-e03b5c23dc2745e9a97fa12f70a51e1b
institution Kabale University
issn 2044-6055
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format Article
series BMJ Open
spelling doaj-art-e03b5c23dc2745e9a97fa12f70a51e1b2025-08-20T03:51:13ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-07-0115710.1136/bmjopen-2025-100825Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional studySamir Boukthir0Salem Yahyaoui1Nada Missaoui2Sonia Mazigh3Sofien Atitallah4Farah Hassine5Rania Ben Rabeh6Olfa Bouyahia7Pediatric Department C, Children’s Hospital Bechir Hamza, Tunis, TunisiaUniversity of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaUniversity of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaUniversity of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaUniversity of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaUniversity of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaUniversity of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaUniversity of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, TunisiaObjectives Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that requires lifestyle amendment, demanding treatment and regular glycaemic control, all of which can significantly impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of affected children. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of T1DM in a Tunisian paediatric population and to identify the influencing factors.Design This was a cross-sectional study.Setting The study was conducted at a tertiary care paediatric hospital in Tunis, Tunisia, over a 6-month period from November 2022 to April 2023.Participants A total of 120 children with T1DM, aged 3–17 years, and their parents were enrolled. Inclusion criteria included children with a confirmed diagnosis of T1DM and regular follow-up at the study centre.Outcome measures HRQoL of children with T1DM was assessed using the validated Tunisian version of the KINDL-R questionnaire. The KINDL-R scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better perceived HRQoL.Results We included 120 children with T1DM. HRQoL was considered satisfactory in 94 children (78.3%), with a mean total score of 69±20.8 (range: 21.4–99.3). Parents reported significantly lower HRQoL scores compared with their children’s self-assessments, with a mean total score of 59.2±20.4 (range: 14.3–97.5). Multivariate linear regression analysis identified several factors independently associated with impaired HRQoL, including a glycated haemoglobin level >9%, a child’s age greater than 14 years, a history of ketoacidosis decompensation, a daily insulin dose ≥0.78 IU/kg/day, more than 10 hypoglycaemic episodes per month and parental divorce. Conversely, the use of insulin analogues and good academic performance were independently associated with a more satisfactory HRQoL.Conclusions T1DM is not exclusively a clinical and biological condition, but it also affects the psychological well-being of the child and the entire family dynamic. Despite its recognised importance, psychosocial support is still insufficient. Therapeutic education programmes seem to be a relevant initiative for improving the HRQoL of children with T1DM.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100825.full
spellingShingle Samir Boukthir
Salem Yahyaoui
Nada Missaoui
Sonia Mazigh
Sofien Atitallah
Farah Hassine
Rania Ben Rabeh
Olfa Bouyahia
Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study
BMJ Open
title Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study
title_full Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study
title_short Health-related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study
title_sort health related quality of life and its influencing factors in children with type 1 diabetes in tunisia a cross sectional study
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e100825.full
work_keys_str_mv AT samirboukthir healthrelatedqualityoflifeanditsinfluencingfactorsinchildrenwithtype1diabetesintunisiaacrosssectionalstudy
AT salemyahyaoui healthrelatedqualityoflifeanditsinfluencingfactorsinchildrenwithtype1diabetesintunisiaacrosssectionalstudy
AT nadamissaoui healthrelatedqualityoflifeanditsinfluencingfactorsinchildrenwithtype1diabetesintunisiaacrosssectionalstudy
AT soniamazigh healthrelatedqualityoflifeanditsinfluencingfactorsinchildrenwithtype1diabetesintunisiaacrosssectionalstudy
AT sofienatitallah healthrelatedqualityoflifeanditsinfluencingfactorsinchildrenwithtype1diabetesintunisiaacrosssectionalstudy
AT farahhassine healthrelatedqualityoflifeanditsinfluencingfactorsinchildrenwithtype1diabetesintunisiaacrosssectionalstudy
AT raniabenrabeh healthrelatedqualityoflifeanditsinfluencingfactorsinchildrenwithtype1diabetesintunisiaacrosssectionalstudy
AT olfabouyahia healthrelatedqualityoflifeanditsinfluencingfactorsinchildrenwithtype1diabetesintunisiaacrosssectionalstudy