Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study
The Caribbean continues to have high HIV prevalence globally with concurrently high mortality rates due to opportunistic Infections. This study addresses the prevalence of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis among patients living with advanced HIV disease (AHD) in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on the...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/10/695 |
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| author | Ayanna Sebro Jonathan Edwards Omar Sued Leon-Omari Lavia Tricia Elder Robert Jeffrey Edwards Patrick Eberechi Akpaka Nadia Ram-Bhola Roanna Morton-Williams Bynoe Yanink Caro-Vega Isshad John Freddy Perez |
| author_facet | Ayanna Sebro Jonathan Edwards Omar Sued Leon-Omari Lavia Tricia Elder Robert Jeffrey Edwards Patrick Eberechi Akpaka Nadia Ram-Bhola Roanna Morton-Williams Bynoe Yanink Caro-Vega Isshad John Freddy Perez |
| author_sort | Ayanna Sebro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Caribbean continues to have high HIV prevalence globally with concurrently high mortality rates due to opportunistic Infections. This study addresses the prevalence of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis among patients living with advanced HIV disease (AHD) in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on the implementation of antigen-based diagnostic assays. Conducted as a cross-sectional survey across five HIV treatment sites, 199 participants with advanced HIV disease were enrolled between July 2022 and September 2023. Diagnostic testing was performed using the Clarus Histoplasma Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), and the Immy CrAg<sup>®</sup> LFA Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay on urine and blood samples, respectively. Results revealed that 14.6% of participants were found to be co-infected with either histoplasmosis or cryptococcosis, with histoplasmosis being more prevalent (10.5%) than cryptococcosis (4.0%). The study found no significant demographic differences between newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed participants. However, a lower median CD4 count was associated with a higher risk of fungal opportunistic infections. The findings underscore the critical role of systematic use of fungal antigen-based diagnostic assays among patients with AHD to improve the timely diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections among people living with HIV in resource-limited settings and to improve patient outcomes and survival. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dfe7e95016724d28b31dd2e2703a99d0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj-art-dfe7e95016724d28b31dd2e2703a99d02025-01-06T00:51:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2024-10-01101069510.3390/jof10100695Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional StudyAyanna Sebro0Jonathan Edwards1Omar Sued2Leon-Omari Lavia3Tricia Elder4Robert Jeffrey Edwards5Patrick Eberechi Akpaka6Nadia Ram-Bhola7Roanna Morton-Williams Bynoe8Yanink Caro-Vega9Isshad John10Freddy Perez11National AIDS Coordinating Committee, Office of the Prime Minister, Port of Spain 190126, Trinidad and TobagoHIV/AIDS Coordinating Unit Ministry of Health, Port of Spain 101002, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Communicable Diseases Prevention, Control, and Elimination, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC 20037, USAHIV/AIDS Coordinating Unit Ministry of Health, Port of Spain 101002, Trinidad and TobagoHIV/AIDS Coordinating Unit Ministry of Health, Port of Spain 101002, Trinidad and TobagoMedical Research Foundation, 7 Queens Park East, Port of Spain 101002, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 330912, Trinidad and TobagoHIV/AIDS Coordinating Unit Ministry of Health, Port of Spain 101002, Trinidad and TobagoHIV/AIDS Coordinating Unit Ministry of Health, Port of Spain 101002, Trinidad and TobagoDepartamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, México City 14080, MexicoHIV/AIDS Coordinating Unit Ministry of Health, Port of Spain 101002, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Communicable Diseases Prevention, Control, and Elimination, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC 20037, USAThe Caribbean continues to have high HIV prevalence globally with concurrently high mortality rates due to opportunistic Infections. This study addresses the prevalence of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis among patients living with advanced HIV disease (AHD) in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on the implementation of antigen-based diagnostic assays. Conducted as a cross-sectional survey across five HIV treatment sites, 199 participants with advanced HIV disease were enrolled between July 2022 and September 2023. Diagnostic testing was performed using the Clarus Histoplasma Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), and the Immy CrAg<sup>®</sup> LFA Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay on urine and blood samples, respectively. Results revealed that 14.6% of participants were found to be co-infected with either histoplasmosis or cryptococcosis, with histoplasmosis being more prevalent (10.5%) than cryptococcosis (4.0%). The study found no significant demographic differences between newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed participants. However, a lower median CD4 count was associated with a higher risk of fungal opportunistic infections. The findings underscore the critical role of systematic use of fungal antigen-based diagnostic assays among patients with AHD to improve the timely diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections among people living with HIV in resource-limited settings and to improve patient outcomes and survival.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/10/695histoplasmosiscryptococcosisHIVantigen-based diagnostic assaysTrinidad and Tobago |
| spellingShingle | Ayanna Sebro Jonathan Edwards Omar Sued Leon-Omari Lavia Tricia Elder Robert Jeffrey Edwards Patrick Eberechi Akpaka Nadia Ram-Bhola Roanna Morton-Williams Bynoe Yanink Caro-Vega Isshad John Freddy Perez Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study Journal of Fungi histoplasmosis cryptococcosis HIV antigen-based diagnostic assays Trinidad and Tobago |
| title | Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Implementation of Antigen-Based Diagnostic Assays for Detection of Histoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis among Patients with Advanced HIV in Trinidad and Tobago: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | implementation of antigen based diagnostic assays for detection of histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis among patients with advanced hiv in trinidad and tobago a cross sectional study |
| topic | histoplasmosis cryptococcosis HIV antigen-based diagnostic assays Trinidad and Tobago |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/10/695 |
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