Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study

Background Retracted articles continue to be cited after retraction, and this could have consequences for the scientific community and general population alike. This study was conducted to analyse the association of retraction on citations received by retracted papers due to misconduct using two-tim...

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Main Authors: Esteve Fernández, Alberto Ruano-Raviña, Cristina Candal-Pedreira, Jorge Ramos, Isabel Campos-Varela, Mónica Pérez-Ríos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2020-11-01
Series:BMJ Global Health
Online Access:https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/11/e003719.full
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author Esteve Fernández
Alberto Ruano-Raviña
Cristina Candal-Pedreira
Jorge Ramos
Isabel Campos-Varela
Mónica Pérez-Ríos
author_facet Esteve Fernández
Alberto Ruano-Raviña
Cristina Candal-Pedreira
Jorge Ramos
Isabel Campos-Varela
Mónica Pérez-Ríos
author_sort Esteve Fernández
collection DOAJ
description Background Retracted articles continue to be cited after retraction, and this could have consequences for the scientific community and general population alike. This study was conducted to analyse the association of retraction on citations received by retracted papers due to misconduct using two-time frames: during a postretraction period equivalent to the time the article had been in print before retraction; and during the total postretraction period.Methods Quasiexperimental, pre–post evaluation study. A total of 304 retracted original articles and literature reviews indexed in MEDLINE fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Articles were required to have been published in a journal indexed in MEDLINE from January 2013 through December 2015 and been retracted between January 2014 and December 2016. The main outcome was the number of citations received before and after retraction. Results were broken down by journal quartile according to impact factor and the most cited papers during the preretraction period were specifically analysed.Results There was an increase in postretraction citations when compared with citations received preretraction. There were some exceptions however: first, citations received by articles published in first-quartile journals decreased immediately after retraction (p<0.05), only to increase again after some time had elapsed; and second, postretraction citations decreased significantly in the case of articles that had received many citations before their retraction (p<0.05).Conclusions The results indicate that retraction of articles has no association on citations in the long term, since the retracted articles continue to be cited, thus circumventing their retraction.
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spelling doaj-art-dfd3c86e061d4a8c94de655f621f5dc62024-12-11T11:25:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Global Health2059-79082020-11-0151110.1136/bmjgh-2020-003719Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post studyEsteve Fernández0Alberto Ruano-Raviña1Cristina Candal-Pedreira2Jorge Ramos3Isabel Campos-Varela4Mónica Pérez-Ríos5Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, SpainHealth Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela - IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, SpainPreventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, SpainGrupo de Investigación Navarra Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación Universitaria Navarra – UNINAVARRA, Neiva, ColombiaLiver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d’Hebron University Teaching Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainBackground Retracted articles continue to be cited after retraction, and this could have consequences for the scientific community and general population alike. This study was conducted to analyse the association of retraction on citations received by retracted papers due to misconduct using two-time frames: during a postretraction period equivalent to the time the article had been in print before retraction; and during the total postretraction period.Methods Quasiexperimental, pre–post evaluation study. A total of 304 retracted original articles and literature reviews indexed in MEDLINE fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Articles were required to have been published in a journal indexed in MEDLINE from January 2013 through December 2015 and been retracted between January 2014 and December 2016. The main outcome was the number of citations received before and after retraction. Results were broken down by journal quartile according to impact factor and the most cited papers during the preretraction period were specifically analysed.Results There was an increase in postretraction citations when compared with citations received preretraction. There were some exceptions however: first, citations received by articles published in first-quartile journals decreased immediately after retraction (p<0.05), only to increase again after some time had elapsed; and second, postretraction citations decreased significantly in the case of articles that had received many citations before their retraction (p<0.05).Conclusions The results indicate that retraction of articles has no association on citations in the long term, since the retracted articles continue to be cited, thus circumventing their retraction.https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/11/e003719.full
spellingShingle Esteve Fernández
Alberto Ruano-Raviña
Cristina Candal-Pedreira
Jorge Ramos
Isabel Campos-Varela
Mónica Pérez-Ríos
Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study
BMJ Global Health
title Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study
title_full Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study
title_fullStr Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study
title_full_unstemmed Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study
title_short Does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations? A pre–post study
title_sort does retraction after misconduct have an impact on citations a pre post study
url https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/11/e003719.full
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