Neighbor Relatedness Contributes to Improvement in Grain Yields in Rice Cultivar Mixtures

The improvement in yield in cultivar mixtures has been well established. Despite increasing knowledge of the improvement involving within-species diversification and resource use efficiency, little is known about the benefits arising from relatedness-mediated intraspecific interactions in cultivar m...

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Main Authors: You Xu, Qin-Hang Han, Shuai-Shuai Xie, Chui-Hua Kong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2385
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author You Xu
Qin-Hang Han
Shuai-Shuai Xie
Chui-Hua Kong
author_facet You Xu
Qin-Hang Han
Shuai-Shuai Xie
Chui-Hua Kong
author_sort You Xu
collection DOAJ
description The improvement in yield in cultivar mixtures has been well established. Despite increasing knowledge of the improvement involving within-species diversification and resource use efficiency, little is known about the benefits arising from relatedness-mediated intraspecific interactions in cultivar mixtures. This study used a relatedness gradient of rice cultivars to test whether neighbor relatedness contributes to improvements in grain yields in cultivar mixtures. We experimentally demonstrated the grain yield of rice cultivar mixtures with varying genetic relatedness under both field and controlled conditions. As a result, a closely related cultivar mixture had increased grain yield compared to monoculture and distantly related mixtures by optimizing the root-to-shoot ratio and accelerating flowering. The benefits over monoculture were most pronounced when compared to the significant yield reductions observed in distantly related mixtures. The relatedness-mediated improvement in yields depended on soil volume and nitrogen use level, with effects attenuating under larger soil volumes or nitrogen deficiency. Furthermore, neighbor relatedness enhanced the richness and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil, leading to a significant restructuring of the microbial community composition. These findings suggest that neighbor relatedness may improve the grain yield of rice cultivar mixtures. Beneficial plant–plant interactions may be generated by manipulating cultivar kinship within a crop species. A thorough understanding of kinship strategies in cultivar mixtures offers promising prospects for increasing crop production.
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issn 2223-7747
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spelling doaj-art-df61c9f800954f77aa73f3a84dea72452025-08-20T04:00:49ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-08-011415238510.3390/plants14152385Neighbor Relatedness Contributes to Improvement in Grain Yields in Rice Cultivar MixturesYou Xu0Qin-Hang Han1Shuai-Shuai Xie2Chui-Hua Kong3College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaThe improvement in yield in cultivar mixtures has been well established. Despite increasing knowledge of the improvement involving within-species diversification and resource use efficiency, little is known about the benefits arising from relatedness-mediated intraspecific interactions in cultivar mixtures. This study used a relatedness gradient of rice cultivars to test whether neighbor relatedness contributes to improvements in grain yields in cultivar mixtures. We experimentally demonstrated the grain yield of rice cultivar mixtures with varying genetic relatedness under both field and controlled conditions. As a result, a closely related cultivar mixture had increased grain yield compared to monoculture and distantly related mixtures by optimizing the root-to-shoot ratio and accelerating flowering. The benefits over monoculture were most pronounced when compared to the significant yield reductions observed in distantly related mixtures. The relatedness-mediated improvement in yields depended on soil volume and nitrogen use level, with effects attenuating under larger soil volumes or nitrogen deficiency. Furthermore, neighbor relatedness enhanced the richness and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil, leading to a significant restructuring of the microbial community composition. These findings suggest that neighbor relatedness may improve the grain yield of rice cultivar mixtures. Beneficial plant–plant interactions may be generated by manipulating cultivar kinship within a crop species. A thorough understanding of kinship strategies in cultivar mixtures offers promising prospects for increasing crop production.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2385effect of relatednessflowering timekin recognitionneighboring cultivar identitynitrogen use levelrhizosphere microbial community
spellingShingle You Xu
Qin-Hang Han
Shuai-Shuai Xie
Chui-Hua Kong
Neighbor Relatedness Contributes to Improvement in Grain Yields in Rice Cultivar Mixtures
Plants
effect of relatedness
flowering time
kin recognition
neighboring cultivar identity
nitrogen use level
rhizosphere microbial community
title Neighbor Relatedness Contributes to Improvement in Grain Yields in Rice Cultivar Mixtures
title_full Neighbor Relatedness Contributes to Improvement in Grain Yields in Rice Cultivar Mixtures
title_fullStr Neighbor Relatedness Contributes to Improvement in Grain Yields in Rice Cultivar Mixtures
title_full_unstemmed Neighbor Relatedness Contributes to Improvement in Grain Yields in Rice Cultivar Mixtures
title_short Neighbor Relatedness Contributes to Improvement in Grain Yields in Rice Cultivar Mixtures
title_sort neighbor relatedness contributes to improvement in grain yields in rice cultivar mixtures
topic effect of relatedness
flowering time
kin recognition
neighboring cultivar identity
nitrogen use level
rhizosphere microbial community
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2385
work_keys_str_mv AT youxu neighborrelatednesscontributestoimprovementingrainyieldsinricecultivarmixtures
AT qinhanghan neighborrelatednesscontributestoimprovementingrainyieldsinricecultivarmixtures
AT shuaishuaixie neighborrelatednesscontributestoimprovementingrainyieldsinricecultivarmixtures
AT chuihuakong neighborrelatednesscontributestoimprovementingrainyieldsinricecultivarmixtures