Nuclear mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell-dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer

Abstract Tumor metabolism often interferes with the immune microenvironment. Although natural killer (NK) cells play pivotal roles in antitumor immunity, the connection between NK cells and tumor metabolism remains unclear. Our systematic analysis of multiomics data and survival data from colorectal...

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Main Authors: Chen Wei, Kun Liao, Hao-Jie Chen, Zi-Xuan Xiao, Qi Meng, Ze-Kun Liu, Yun-Xin Lu, Hui Sheng, Hai-Yu Mo, Qi-Nian Wu, Yi Han, Zhao-Lei Zeng, Xin-Yuan Guan, Hui-Yan Luo, Huai-Qiang Ju, Rui-Hua Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-04-01
Series:Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02221-y
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author Chen Wei
Kun Liao
Hao-Jie Chen
Zi-Xuan Xiao
Qi Meng
Ze-Kun Liu
Yun-Xin Lu
Hui Sheng
Hai-Yu Mo
Qi-Nian Wu
Yi Han
Zhao-Lei Zeng
Xin-Yuan Guan
Hui-Yan Luo
Huai-Qiang Ju
Rui-Hua Xu
author_facet Chen Wei
Kun Liao
Hao-Jie Chen
Zi-Xuan Xiao
Qi Meng
Ze-Kun Liu
Yun-Xin Lu
Hui Sheng
Hai-Yu Mo
Qi-Nian Wu
Yi Han
Zhao-Lei Zeng
Xin-Yuan Guan
Hui-Yan Luo
Huai-Qiang Ju
Rui-Hua Xu
author_sort Chen Wei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tumor metabolism often interferes with the immune microenvironment. Although natural killer (NK) cells play pivotal roles in antitumor immunity, the connection between NK cells and tumor metabolism remains unclear. Our systematic analysis of multiomics data and survival data from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients uncovered a novel association between mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and NK cell infiltration that influences disease progression. ACAT1, a metabolic enzyme involved in reversible conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA to two molecules of acetyl-CoA, exhibits nuclear protein acetylation activity through its translocation. Under immune stimulation, mitochondrial ACAT1 can be phosphorylated at serine 60 (S60) and enters the nucleus; however, this process is hindered in nutrient-poor tumor microenvironments. Nuclear ACAT1 directly acetylates lysine 146 of p50 (NFKB1), attenuating its DNA binding and transcriptional repression activity and thereby increasing the expression of immune-related factors, which in turn promotes NK cell recruitment and activation to suppress colorectal cancer growth. Furthermore, significant associations are found among low nuclear ACAT1 levels, decreased S60 phosphorylation, and reduced NK cell infiltration, as well as poor prognosis in CRC. Our findings reveal an unexpected function of ACAT1 as a nuclear acetyltransferase and elucidate its role in NK cell-dependent antitumor immunity through p50 acetylation.
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spelling doaj-art-df350d89b73e40a7be8f4fa1c38cfd3c2025-08-20T03:52:24ZengNature Publishing GroupSignal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2059-36352025-04-0110111710.1038/s41392-025-02221-yNuclear mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell-dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancerChen Wei0Kun Liao1Hao-Jie Chen2Zi-Xuan Xiao3Qi Meng4Ze-Kun Liu5Yun-Xin Lu6Hui Sheng7Hai-Yu Mo8Qi-Nian Wu9Yi Han10Zhao-Lei Zeng11Xin-Yuan Guan12Hui-Yan Luo13Huai-Qiang Ju14Rui-Hua Xu15Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen UniversityAbstract Tumor metabolism often interferes with the immune microenvironment. Although natural killer (NK) cells play pivotal roles in antitumor immunity, the connection between NK cells and tumor metabolism remains unclear. Our systematic analysis of multiomics data and survival data from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients uncovered a novel association between mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and NK cell infiltration that influences disease progression. ACAT1, a metabolic enzyme involved in reversible conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA to two molecules of acetyl-CoA, exhibits nuclear protein acetylation activity through its translocation. Under immune stimulation, mitochondrial ACAT1 can be phosphorylated at serine 60 (S60) and enters the nucleus; however, this process is hindered in nutrient-poor tumor microenvironments. Nuclear ACAT1 directly acetylates lysine 146 of p50 (NFKB1), attenuating its DNA binding and transcriptional repression activity and thereby increasing the expression of immune-related factors, which in turn promotes NK cell recruitment and activation to suppress colorectal cancer growth. Furthermore, significant associations are found among low nuclear ACAT1 levels, decreased S60 phosphorylation, and reduced NK cell infiltration, as well as poor prognosis in CRC. Our findings reveal an unexpected function of ACAT1 as a nuclear acetyltransferase and elucidate its role in NK cell-dependent antitumor immunity through p50 acetylation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02221-y
spellingShingle Chen Wei
Kun Liao
Hao-Jie Chen
Zi-Xuan Xiao
Qi Meng
Ze-Kun Liu
Yun-Xin Lu
Hui Sheng
Hai-Yu Mo
Qi-Nian Wu
Yi Han
Zhao-Lei Zeng
Xin-Yuan Guan
Hui-Yan Luo
Huai-Qiang Ju
Rui-Hua Xu
Nuclear mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell-dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
title Nuclear mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell-dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer
title_full Nuclear mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell-dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer
title_fullStr Nuclear mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell-dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer
title_full_unstemmed Nuclear mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell-dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer
title_short Nuclear mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell-dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer
title_sort nuclear mitochondrial acetyl coa acetyltransferase 1 orchestrates natural killer cell dependent antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-025-02221-y
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