Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double-pass friction stir welded T-joints for aluminium stiffened panels

This study investigates the application of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) for fabricating stiffened structures in AA2219-T31 using a T-lap configuration. These structures are vital in various applications where weight is a crucial factor, including aircraft fuselages, railway cars and automotive parts....

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Main Authors: Douglas Wagner, Matteo Bernardi, Felix Grassel, Ting Chen, Kai Schimanski, Luciano Bergmann, Benjamin Klusemann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026412752400813X
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author Douglas Wagner
Matteo Bernardi
Felix Grassel
Ting Chen
Kai Schimanski
Luciano Bergmann
Benjamin Klusemann
author_facet Douglas Wagner
Matteo Bernardi
Felix Grassel
Ting Chen
Kai Schimanski
Luciano Bergmann
Benjamin Klusemann
author_sort Douglas Wagner
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the application of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) for fabricating stiffened structures in AA2219-T31 using a T-lap configuration. These structures are vital in various applications where weight is a crucial factor, including aircraft fuselages, railway cars and automotive parts. This study assesses the formation dynamics of lack of bonding in single-pass welds, including the examination of microstructure, hardness, mechanical properties, and fracture locations. A second welding pass was employed over the initial weld to eliminate the lack of bonding. The implementation of a second welding pass significantly improves joint efficiency, achieving up to 90 % of the ultimate tensile strength in the skin direction and 95 % in the stiffener direction, establishing a new benchmark for AA2219-T31 T-joints. Additionally, no significant differences in grain size were found between single- and double-pass welds, highlighting the lack of bonding as key factor affecting the strength of the joints. The proposed method offers valuable insights for future industrial applications to avoid defects such as lack of bonding.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0264-1275
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Materials & Design
spelling doaj-art-df1866f5f2c24ad48f71337dc764de3f2024-12-05T05:19:19ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752024-11-01247113438Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double-pass friction stir welded T-joints for aluminium stiffened panelsDouglas Wagner0Matteo Bernardi1Felix Grassel2Ting Chen3Kai Schimanski4Luciano Bergmann5Benjamin Klusemann6Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Material and Process Design, Solid State Materials Processing, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Laboratório de Metalurgia Física, LAMEF, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Material and Process Design, Solid State Materials Processing, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Corresponding author.Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Material and Process Design, Solid State Materials Processing, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Material and Process Design, Solid State Materials Processing, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyAirbus Operations GmbH – Bremen, ME Industrial Metallic Engineer, GermanyHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Material and Process Design, Solid State Materials Processing, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, GermanyHelmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Material and Process Design, Solid State Materials Processing, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Leuphana University Lüneburg, Institute for Production Technology and Systems, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, GermanyThis study investigates the application of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) for fabricating stiffened structures in AA2219-T31 using a T-lap configuration. These structures are vital in various applications where weight is a crucial factor, including aircraft fuselages, railway cars and automotive parts. This study assesses the formation dynamics of lack of bonding in single-pass welds, including the examination of microstructure, hardness, mechanical properties, and fracture locations. A second welding pass was employed over the initial weld to eliminate the lack of bonding. The implementation of a second welding pass significantly improves joint efficiency, achieving up to 90 % of the ultimate tensile strength in the skin direction and 95 % in the stiffener direction, establishing a new benchmark for AA2219-T31 T-joints. Additionally, no significant differences in grain size were found between single- and double-pass welds, highlighting the lack of bonding as key factor affecting the strength of the joints. The proposed method offers valuable insights for future industrial applications to avoid defects such as lack of bonding.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026412752400813XFriction stir weldingT-JointAluminium alloyMechanical behaviourMicrostructure analysis
spellingShingle Douglas Wagner
Matteo Bernardi
Felix Grassel
Ting Chen
Kai Schimanski
Luciano Bergmann
Benjamin Klusemann
Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double-pass friction stir welded T-joints for aluminium stiffened panels
Materials & Design
Friction stir welding
T-Joint
Aluminium alloy
Mechanical behaviour
Microstructure analysis
title Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double-pass friction stir welded T-joints for aluminium stiffened panels
title_full Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double-pass friction stir welded T-joints for aluminium stiffened panels
title_fullStr Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double-pass friction stir welded T-joints for aluminium stiffened panels
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double-pass friction stir welded T-joints for aluminium stiffened panels
title_short Analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double-pass friction stir welded T-joints for aluminium stiffened panels
title_sort analysis of mechanical properties and microstructure of single and double pass friction stir welded t joints for aluminium stiffened panels
topic Friction stir welding
T-Joint
Aluminium alloy
Mechanical behaviour
Microstructure analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026412752400813X
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