Gut Microbiota in Postpartum Depression: Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives - a review

Introduction and purpose: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent and serious mood disorder following childbirth, affecting approximately 10-20% of new mothers worldwide. PPD not only impacts a mother’s mental health but also her relationship with her infant, her family, and the psychosocial dev...

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Main Authors: Irmina Czerepak, Marcin Kapij, Hubert Bochenek, Michał Bzoma, Julia Gugulska, Anna Bielicka, Tomasz Szwarc, Piotr Komasara, Karolina Niewczas, Adrianna Brzozowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Kazimierz Wielki University 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Education, Health and Sport
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Online Access:https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/60357
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author Irmina Czerepak
Marcin Kapij
Hubert Bochenek
Michał Bzoma
Julia Gugulska
Anna Bielicka
Tomasz Szwarc
Piotr Komasara
Karolina Niewczas
Adrianna Brzozowska
author_facet Irmina Czerepak
Marcin Kapij
Hubert Bochenek
Michał Bzoma
Julia Gugulska
Anna Bielicka
Tomasz Szwarc
Piotr Komasara
Karolina Niewczas
Adrianna Brzozowska
author_sort Irmina Czerepak
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and purpose: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent and serious mood disorder following childbirth, affecting approximately 10-20% of new mothers worldwide. PPD not only impacts a mother’s mental health but also her relationship with her infant, her family, and the psychosocial development of the child. While numerous factors (genetic, hormonal, psychosocial, immunological) contribute to its pathogenesis, growing evidence underscores the central importance of the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This article aims to summarise current knowledge on crucial role of gut microbiota in the onset, progression and therapeutic possibilities of PPD. Description of the state of knowledge:  Gut microbes influence PPD through the gut-brain axis, impacting neuroendocrine systems, immune responses, and neurotransmitter production. In particular, alterations in gut microbiota composition such as reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and an increased abundance of pro-inflammatory taxa have been linked to immune dysregulation, heightened stress responses, and altered neurotransmitter metabolism in PPD. Studies show that microbial dysbiosis correlate with PPD symptoms, while interventions like probiotics and dietary changes offer promising therapeutic avenues. Summary: This review summarizes current evidence on the gut–brain axis in depression, observed gut microbiota changes in PPD, mechanistic pathways linking dysbiosis to postpartum mood disturbances, and emerging microbiota-targeted therapies, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
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spelling doaj-art-df02c0f36e3144d0b55e6b9d850fcb1c2025-08-20T03:20:04ZengKazimierz Wielki UniversityJournal of Education, Health and Sport2391-83062025-06-018210.12775/JEHS.2025.82.60357Gut Microbiota in Postpartum Depression: Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives - a reviewIrmina Czerepakhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-9964-3439Marcin Kapijhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-7028-7198Hubert Bochenekhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-7221-2793Michał Bzomahttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-9165-8735Julia Gugulskahttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-8333-5066Anna Bielickahttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-3461-4812Tomasz Szwarchttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-2212-5276Piotr Komasarahttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-7964-8696Karolina Niewczashttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-5007-0123Adrianna Brzozowskahttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2625-4766 Introduction and purpose: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent and serious mood disorder following childbirth, affecting approximately 10-20% of new mothers worldwide. PPD not only impacts a mother’s mental health but also her relationship with her infant, her family, and the psychosocial development of the child. While numerous factors (genetic, hormonal, psychosocial, immunological) contribute to its pathogenesis, growing evidence underscores the central importance of the gut-brain axis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This article aims to summarise current knowledge on crucial role of gut microbiota in the onset, progression and therapeutic possibilities of PPD. Description of the state of knowledge:  Gut microbes influence PPD through the gut-brain axis, impacting neuroendocrine systems, immune responses, and neurotransmitter production. In particular, alterations in gut microbiota composition such as reduced levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and an increased abundance of pro-inflammatory taxa have been linked to immune dysregulation, heightened stress responses, and altered neurotransmitter metabolism in PPD. Studies show that microbial dysbiosis correlate with PPD symptoms, while interventions like probiotics and dietary changes offer promising therapeutic avenues. Summary: This review summarizes current evidence on the gut–brain axis in depression, observed gut microbiota changes in PPD, mechanistic pathways linking dysbiosis to postpartum mood disturbances, and emerging microbiota-targeted therapies, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/60357Gut microbiotaPostpartum depression (PPD)
spellingShingle Irmina Czerepak
Marcin Kapij
Hubert Bochenek
Michał Bzoma
Julia Gugulska
Anna Bielicka
Tomasz Szwarc
Piotr Komasara
Karolina Niewczas
Adrianna Brzozowska
Gut Microbiota in Postpartum Depression: Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives - a review
Journal of Education, Health and Sport
Gut microbiota
Postpartum depression (PPD)
title Gut Microbiota in Postpartum Depression: Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives - a review
title_full Gut Microbiota in Postpartum Depression: Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives - a review
title_fullStr Gut Microbiota in Postpartum Depression: Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives - a review
title_full_unstemmed Gut Microbiota in Postpartum Depression: Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives - a review
title_short Gut Microbiota in Postpartum Depression: Pathogenesis and Treatment Perspectives - a review
title_sort gut microbiota in postpartum depression pathogenesis and treatment perspectives a review
topic Gut microbiota
Postpartum depression (PPD)
url https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/60357
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