The Formation of γ-Valerolactone from Renewable Levulinic Acid over Ni-Cu Fly Ash Zeolite Catalysts

The Formation of γ-Valerolactone from Renewable Levulinic Acid over Ni-Cu Fly Ash Zeolite Catalysts

Zeolites with different structures (P1, sodalite, and X) were synthesized from coal fly ash by applying ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal and fusion–hydrothermal synthesis. Bimetallic catalysts, containing 5 wt.% Ni and 2.5 wt.% Cu, supported on the zeolites, were prepared by a post-synthesis inc...

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Main Authors: Margarita Popova, Silviya Boycheva, Ivan Dimitrov, Momtchil Dimitrov, Daniela Kovacheva, Daniela Karashanova, Nikolay Velinov, Genoveva Atanasova, Agnes Szegedi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
valorization of coal fly ash
zeolites
lignocellulosic biomass
levulinic acid
γ-valerolactone
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5753
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