Prevalence of multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles
Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are the main devastating complications for diabetic patients. The involvement of multidrug-resistant microorganisms with the ability to produce biofilms in DFUs renders them difficult to treat. Nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative and promising techno...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/21000 |
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| author | Samiya Kainat Muhammad Sohail Saira Rafique Muneeza Mustafa Uroosa Ejaz |
| author_facet | Samiya Kainat Muhammad Sohail Saira Rafique Muneeza Mustafa Uroosa Ejaz |
| author_sort | Samiya Kainat |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are the main devastating complications for diabetic patients. The involvement of multidrug-resistant microorganisms with the ability to produce biofilms in DFUs renders them difficult to treat. Nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative and promising technology in the therapy of diabetic foot lesions. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence of drug resistance and biofilm-forming pathogens in DFU and the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles against these pathogens.
Methodology: A total of 111 adults with diabetic foot ulcers were randomly included. The clinical parameters and data of the classification and grading of the wound, along with microbiological factors, were analyzed.
Results: Nanoparticles were synthesized from Withania coagulans and Fagonia cretica. The results showed that the majority of patients were male (76%), with an average age of 54 years. The majority of ulcers were polymicrobial (56%), while Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%) was the predominant pathogen. A significant increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (76.5%), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers (55.8%), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46%), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (18.1%) was observed. Gram-negative isolates (31%), particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibited strong biofilm formation activity compared to gram-positive (6%) and fungal isolates (24%).
Conclusions: The tested nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity against strong biofilm forming bacterial and fungal isolates. Controlling certain extrinsic and metabolic parameters and comprehensively evaluating nanoparticle-based therapeutics can serve as powerful tools in curing chronic diabetic wounds.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dd9c92d4cf534904ab8b193c2f135ec2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-dd9c92d4cf534904ab8b193c2f135ec22025-08-21T00:25:57ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802025-07-01190710.3855/jidc.21000Prevalence of multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticlesSamiya Kainat0Muhammad Sohail1Saira Rafique2Muneeza Mustafa3Uroosa Ejaz4Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, PakistanDepartment of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, SZABIST University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are the main devastating complications for diabetic patients. The involvement of multidrug-resistant microorganisms with the ability to produce biofilms in DFUs renders them difficult to treat. Nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative and promising technology in the therapy of diabetic foot lesions. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the prevalence of drug resistance and biofilm-forming pathogens in DFU and the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles against these pathogens. Methodology: A total of 111 adults with diabetic foot ulcers were randomly included. The clinical parameters and data of the classification and grading of the wound, along with microbiological factors, were analyzed. Results: Nanoparticles were synthesized from Withania coagulans and Fagonia cretica. The results showed that the majority of patients were male (76%), with an average age of 54 years. The majority of ulcers were polymicrobial (56%), while Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%) was the predominant pathogen. A significant increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (76.5%), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers (55.8%), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46%), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (18.1%) was observed. Gram-negative isolates (31%), particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibited strong biofilm formation activity compared to gram-positive (6%) and fungal isolates (24%). Conclusions: The tested nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity against strong biofilm forming bacterial and fungal isolates. Controlling certain extrinsic and metabolic parameters and comprehensively evaluating nanoparticle-based therapeutics can serve as powerful tools in curing chronic diabetic wounds. https://www.jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/21000Diabetesulcersmultidrug resistancebiofilmnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Samiya Kainat Muhammad Sohail Saira Rafique Muneeza Mustafa Uroosa Ejaz Prevalence of multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Diabetes ulcers multidrug resistance biofilm nanoparticles |
| title | Prevalence of multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles |
| title_full | Prevalence of multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles |
| title_short | Prevalence of multidrug-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles |
| title_sort | prevalence of multidrug resistant biofilm forming pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers and antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles |
| topic | Diabetes ulcers multidrug resistance biofilm nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/21000 |
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