Advanced Intrusion Detection in MANETs: A Survey of Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques for Mitigating Black/Gray Hole Attacks

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic networks without fixed infrastructure, making them particularly vulnerable to security threats such as black and gray hole attacks. As these attacks grow more sophisticated, advancing detection methods become critical. This survey critically evaluates exis...

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Main Authors: Saad M. Hassan, Mohd Murtadha Mohamad, Farkhana Binti Muchtar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10670401/
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author Saad M. Hassan
Mohd Murtadha Mohamad
Farkhana Binti Muchtar
author_facet Saad M. Hassan
Mohd Murtadha Mohamad
Farkhana Binti Muchtar
author_sort Saad M. Hassan
collection DOAJ
description Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic networks without fixed infrastructure, making them particularly vulnerable to security threats such as black and gray hole attacks. As these attacks grow more sophisticated, advancing detection methods become critical. This survey critically evaluates existing detection techniques and identifies major gaps in current research. It focuses on a comprehensive classification and in-depth analysis of attack detection methods, particularly those employing advanced Machine Learning techniques. We adopt a structured approach, analyzing MANET characteristics and detailing black and gray hole attacks. The evaluation covers various detection and mitigation techniques, with a strong emphasis on the innovative use of ML and optimization methods like Federated Learning (FL), reinforcement learning, and metaheuristic algorithms. Our findings indicate that advanced ML techniques, especially Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and FL, significantly enhance detection accuracy and robustness against these attacks. We also discussed the potential of game theory and reinforcement learning for optimizing routing protocols and improving network resilience. The survey underscores the necessity for ongoing research into more sophisticated and adaptable detection mechanisms, urging both academic and practical communities to explore novel approaches for developing more secure, efficient MANET systems.
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spelling doaj-art-dd8d98f3db1e4a9c8fb8ac9c6b33e8da2025-08-20T03:41:19ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011215004615009010.1109/ACCESS.2024.345768210670401Advanced Intrusion Detection in MANETs: A Survey of Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques for Mitigating Black/Gray Hole AttacksSaad M. Hassan0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-1856Mohd Murtadha Mohamad1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-0138Farkhana Binti Muchtar2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-5741Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, MalaysiaMobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic networks without fixed infrastructure, making them particularly vulnerable to security threats such as black and gray hole attacks. As these attacks grow more sophisticated, advancing detection methods become critical. This survey critically evaluates existing detection techniques and identifies major gaps in current research. It focuses on a comprehensive classification and in-depth analysis of attack detection methods, particularly those employing advanced Machine Learning techniques. We adopt a structured approach, analyzing MANET characteristics and detailing black and gray hole attacks. The evaluation covers various detection and mitigation techniques, with a strong emphasis on the innovative use of ML and optimization methods like Federated Learning (FL), reinforcement learning, and metaheuristic algorithms. Our findings indicate that advanced ML techniques, especially Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and FL, significantly enhance detection accuracy and robustness against these attacks. We also discussed the potential of game theory and reinforcement learning for optimizing routing protocols and improving network resilience. The survey underscores the necessity for ongoing research into more sophisticated and adaptable detection mechanisms, urging both academic and practical communities to explore novel approaches for developing more secure, efficient MANET systems.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10670401/Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)blackhole attacksgray hole attacks machine learning in network securityfederated learning (FL)optimization techniques in security
spellingShingle Saad M. Hassan
Mohd Murtadha Mohamad
Farkhana Binti Muchtar
Advanced Intrusion Detection in MANETs: A Survey of Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques for Mitigating Black/Gray Hole Attacks
IEEE Access
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)
blackhole attacks
gray hole attacks machine learning in network security
federated learning (FL)
optimization techniques in security
title Advanced Intrusion Detection in MANETs: A Survey of Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques for Mitigating Black/Gray Hole Attacks
title_full Advanced Intrusion Detection in MANETs: A Survey of Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques for Mitigating Black/Gray Hole Attacks
title_fullStr Advanced Intrusion Detection in MANETs: A Survey of Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques for Mitigating Black/Gray Hole Attacks
title_full_unstemmed Advanced Intrusion Detection in MANETs: A Survey of Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques for Mitigating Black/Gray Hole Attacks
title_short Advanced Intrusion Detection in MANETs: A Survey of Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques for Mitigating Black/Gray Hole Attacks
title_sort advanced intrusion detection in manets a survey of machine learning and optimization techniques for mitigating black gray hole attacks
topic Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)
blackhole attacks
gray hole attacks machine learning in network security
federated learning (FL)
optimization techniques in security
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10670401/
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AT mohdmurtadhamohamad advancedintrusiondetectioninmanetsasurveyofmachinelearningandoptimizationtechniquesformitigatingblackgrayholeattacks
AT farkhanabintimuchtar advancedintrusiondetectioninmanetsasurveyofmachinelearningandoptimizationtechniquesformitigatingblackgrayholeattacks