The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy Service
Utilizing real-time precise point positioning (PPP) technology is an effective approach for obtaining high-precision zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD). Without relying on the terrestrial internet, Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) can provide precise orbit and precise clock products for the world. A...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| author | Xin Chen Xuhai Yang Yulong Ge Yanlong Liu Hui Lei |
| author_facet | Xin Chen Xuhai Yang Yulong Ge Yanlong Liu Hui Lei |
| author_sort | Xin Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Utilizing real-time precise point positioning (PPP) technology is an effective approach for obtaining high-precision zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD). Without relying on the terrestrial internet, Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) can provide precise orbit and precise clock products for the world. A thorough assessment of the ZTD accuracy of real-time PPP calculations based on Galileo HAS products in global regions is necessary to promote its application in the field of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) meteorology. The observation data of HAS from 1 to 7 September 2023 were selected for the experiment. Firstly, the accuracy of satellite orbit and clock products of the HAS GPS and HAS Galileo system are evaluated. Then, real-time PPP positioning accuracy within and outside the HAS service area is analyzed. Finally, 104 IGS stations in the world are selected to analyze the ZTD accuracy of real-time PPP calculations based on Galileo HAS products. The experimental results show that during the test period, the RMSE values of the satellite orbit products of the HAS GPS in the radial, along, and cross directions were 4.57 cm, 10.62 cm, and 7.56 cm, respectively. The HAS Galileo RMSE values were 2.81 cm, 8.02 cm, and 7.47 cm, respectively. The RMSE values of the clock products were 0.38 ns and 0.15 ns, respectively. At the selected stations, the real-time PPP positioning accuracies outside the HAS service area and within the service area were similar, and the correlation coefficient between HAS ZTD and IGS ZTD was above 0.90. In the global region, the average bias and RMSE values of the real-time PPP ZTD of the HAS GPS were −0.31 mm and 16.78 mm. Those of the HAS Galileo were 2.30 mm and 15.89 mm, and those of the HAS GPS/Galileo were −0.25 mm and 16.11 mm, respectively. Moreover, each system showed that the accuracy of the HAS ZTD inside the service area was better than that outside the service area. Compared with the single system, the real-time PPP ZTD continuity and stability of the dual system were better. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dd80c2063d9147e49fd1bbf27b7e1248 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-dd80c2063d9147e49fd1bbf27b7e12482025-01-10T13:19:56ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011711110.3390/rs17010011The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy ServiceXin Chen0Xuhai Yang1Yulong Ge2Yanlong Liu3Hui Lei4National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaSchool of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaSchool of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaUtilizing real-time precise point positioning (PPP) technology is an effective approach for obtaining high-precision zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD). Without relying on the terrestrial internet, Galileo high accuracy service (HAS) can provide precise orbit and precise clock products for the world. A thorough assessment of the ZTD accuracy of real-time PPP calculations based on Galileo HAS products in global regions is necessary to promote its application in the field of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) meteorology. The observation data of HAS from 1 to 7 September 2023 were selected for the experiment. Firstly, the accuracy of satellite orbit and clock products of the HAS GPS and HAS Galileo system are evaluated. Then, real-time PPP positioning accuracy within and outside the HAS service area is analyzed. Finally, 104 IGS stations in the world are selected to analyze the ZTD accuracy of real-time PPP calculations based on Galileo HAS products. The experimental results show that during the test period, the RMSE values of the satellite orbit products of the HAS GPS in the radial, along, and cross directions were 4.57 cm, 10.62 cm, and 7.56 cm, respectively. The HAS Galileo RMSE values were 2.81 cm, 8.02 cm, and 7.47 cm, respectively. The RMSE values of the clock products were 0.38 ns and 0.15 ns, respectively. At the selected stations, the real-time PPP positioning accuracies outside the HAS service area and within the service area were similar, and the correlation coefficient between HAS ZTD and IGS ZTD was above 0.90. In the global region, the average bias and RMSE values of the real-time PPP ZTD of the HAS GPS were −0.31 mm and 16.78 mm. Those of the HAS Galileo were 2.30 mm and 15.89 mm, and those of the HAS GPS/Galileo were −0.25 mm and 16.11 mm, respectively. Moreover, each system showed that the accuracy of the HAS ZTD inside the service area was better than that outside the service area. Compared with the single system, the real-time PPP ZTD continuity and stability of the dual system were better.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/11GNSSZTDPPPHASGPSGalileo |
| spellingShingle | Xin Chen Xuhai Yang Yulong Ge Yanlong Liu Hui Lei The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy Service Remote Sensing GNSS ZTD PPP HAS GPS Galileo |
| title | The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy Service |
| title_full | The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy Service |
| title_fullStr | The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy Service |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy Service |
| title_short | The Investigation of Global Real-Time ZTD Estimation from GPS/Galileo PPP Based on Galileo High Accuracy Service |
| title_sort | investigation of global real time ztd estimation from gps galileo ppp based on galileo high accuracy service |
| topic | GNSS ZTD PPP HAS GPS Galileo |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/1/11 |
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