Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction Recent evidence suggests that influenza vaccination may offer protection against COVID-19 severity. Our aim was to quantify the association between influenza vaccination status and risk of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods A retrospective c...

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Main Authors: Hajira Dambha-Miller, Nazrul Islam, Christopher R Wilcox
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2021-01-01
Series:BMJ Open Respiratory Research
Online Access:https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000857.full
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author Hajira Dambha-Miller
Nazrul Islam
Christopher R Wilcox
author_facet Hajira Dambha-Miller
Nazrul Islam
Christopher R Wilcox
author_sort Hajira Dambha-Miller
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Recent evidence suggests that influenza vaccination may offer protection against COVID-19 severity. Our aim was to quantify the association between influenza vaccination status and risk of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods A retrospective cohort study using routinely collected health records from patients registered to a General Practitioner (GP) practice in South West England within the Electronic Care and Health Information Analytics database. The cohort included 6921 people with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic (1 January–31 July 2020). Data on influenza vaccination, hospitalisation and all-cause mortality were ascertained through linked clinical and demographic records. We applied propensity score methods (stabilised inverse probability of treatment weight) to quantify the association between influenza vaccination status and COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalisation or all-cause mortality).Results 2613 (38%) participants received an influenza vaccination between 1 January 2019 and COVID-19 diagnosis. Receipt of influenza vaccination was associated with a significantly lower odds of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality (adjusted OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97, p=0.02), and 24% reduced odds of all-cause mortality (adjusted OR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.90).Discussion Influenza vaccination was associated with a 15%–24% lower odds of severe COVID-19 outcomes. The current UK influenza vaccination programme needs urgent expansion as an integral component of the ongoing response plans to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling doaj-art-dcdee179aaf74c49af2d1aeffaafb0532024-11-23T23:15:12ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Respiratory Research2052-44392021-01-018110.1136/bmjresp-2020-000857Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort studyHajira Dambha-Miller0Nazrul Islam1Christopher R Wilcox2Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKassociate professorPrimary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKIntroduction Recent evidence suggests that influenza vaccination may offer protection against COVID-19 severity. Our aim was to quantify the association between influenza vaccination status and risk of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods A retrospective cohort study using routinely collected health records from patients registered to a General Practitioner (GP) practice in South West England within the Electronic Care and Health Information Analytics database. The cohort included 6921 people with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic (1 January–31 July 2020). Data on influenza vaccination, hospitalisation and all-cause mortality were ascertained through linked clinical and demographic records. We applied propensity score methods (stabilised inverse probability of treatment weight) to quantify the association between influenza vaccination status and COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalisation or all-cause mortality).Results 2613 (38%) participants received an influenza vaccination between 1 January 2019 and COVID-19 diagnosis. Receipt of influenza vaccination was associated with a significantly lower odds of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality (adjusted OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97, p=0.02), and 24% reduced odds of all-cause mortality (adjusted OR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.90).Discussion Influenza vaccination was associated with a 15%–24% lower odds of severe COVID-19 outcomes. The current UK influenza vaccination programme needs urgent expansion as an integral component of the ongoing response plans to the COVID-19 pandemic.https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000857.full
spellingShingle Hajira Dambha-Miller
Nazrul Islam
Christopher R Wilcox
Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
BMJ Open Respiratory Research
title Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all-cause mortality in people with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort association between influenza vaccination and hospitalisation or all cause mortality in people with covid 19 a retrospective cohort study
url https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000857.full
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