Relationship between Heightened Level of Aggression and Lower Digit Ratio in a Cohort of Children in Conflict with the Law
Background and Aim: Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been linked to prenatal exposure to androgen and by implication, aggression, however, results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between 2D:4D and family income with measures of aggression among children in conf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/amhs.amhs_53_24 |
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| author | Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar Hassan Sani Umar Safiyyu Mujitapha Umar |
| author_facet | Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar Hassan Sani Umar Safiyyu Mujitapha Umar |
| author_sort | Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim:
Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been linked to prenatal exposure to androgen and by implication, aggression, however, results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between 2D:4D and family income with measures of aggression among children in conflict with the law in Northern Nigeria.
Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty participants aged 12–17 years (median = 15) consisting of 60 male children in conflict with the law at a remand home in Northern Nigeria and 60 age-matched normal controls were randomly recruited. Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess aggression, whereas 2D:4D was measured directly on the second and fourth fingers. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 23.0. P ≤ 0.05 was set as significance.
Results:
Of the 60 children in conflict with the law, 10% had a history of substance abuse; 50% were first-time offenders; 70% were involved in theft, 22% in fight, and 8% in physical assault. Children in conflict with the law had significantly lower years of education (P ≤ 0.001), r2D:4D (P = 0.003), and l2D:4D (P = 0.047) but higher family income (P ≤ 0.001) and aggression scores (P ≤ 0.001). Among the participants as a whole, education was negatively (P < 0.001), whereas family income was positively (P < 0.001), correlated with aggression; r2D:4D was positively correlated with physical (P = 0.023), verbal (P < 0.001), total aggression (P = 0.002), and anger (P < 0.001); l2D:4D was negatively correlated with physical aggression (P = 0.050) and hostility (P = 0.037). Among children in conflict with the law, l2D:4D was positively correlated with anger (P < 0.001), whereas education was negatively correlated with hostility (P = 0.015).
Conclusion:
Children in conflict with the law are associated with a heightened level of aggression and shorter 2D:4D. Aggression is influenced by education and family income, whereas the relationship between aggression and 2D:4D is unclear. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dca993c72edd42b0b444d0ff02085b5a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2321-4848 2321-6085 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-dca993c72edd42b0b444d0ff02085b5a2025-01-07T05:05:32ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsArchives of Medicine and Health Sciences2321-48482321-60852024-12-0112331331810.4103/amhs.amhs_53_24Relationship between Heightened Level of Aggression and Lower Digit Ratio in a Cohort of Children in Conflict with the LawIsyaku Gwarzo MukhtarHassan Sani UmarSafiyyu Mujitapha UmarBackground and Aim: Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been linked to prenatal exposure to androgen and by implication, aggression, however, results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between 2D:4D and family income with measures of aggression among children in conflict with the law in Northern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty participants aged 12–17 years (median = 15) consisting of 60 male children in conflict with the law at a remand home in Northern Nigeria and 60 age-matched normal controls were randomly recruited. Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire was used to assess aggression, whereas 2D:4D was measured directly on the second and fourth fingers. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 23.0. P ≤ 0.05 was set as significance. Results: Of the 60 children in conflict with the law, 10% had a history of substance abuse; 50% were first-time offenders; 70% were involved in theft, 22% in fight, and 8% in physical assault. Children in conflict with the law had significantly lower years of education (P ≤ 0.001), r2D:4D (P = 0.003), and l2D:4D (P = 0.047) but higher family income (P ≤ 0.001) and aggression scores (P ≤ 0.001). Among the participants as a whole, education was negatively (P < 0.001), whereas family income was positively (P < 0.001), correlated with aggression; r2D:4D was positively correlated with physical (P = 0.023), verbal (P < 0.001), total aggression (P = 0.002), and anger (P < 0.001); l2D:4D was negatively correlated with physical aggression (P = 0.050) and hostility (P = 0.037). Among children in conflict with the law, l2D:4D was positively correlated with anger (P < 0.001), whereas education was negatively correlated with hostility (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Children in conflict with the law are associated with a heightened level of aggression and shorter 2D:4D. Aggression is influenced by education and family income, whereas the relationship between aggression and 2D:4D is unclear.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/amhs.amhs_53_24aggressiondelinquencydigit ratiofamily incometestosterone |
| spellingShingle | Isyaku Gwarzo Mukhtar Hassan Sani Umar Safiyyu Mujitapha Umar Relationship between Heightened Level of Aggression and Lower Digit Ratio in a Cohort of Children in Conflict with the Law Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences aggression delinquency digit ratio family income testosterone |
| title | Relationship between Heightened Level of Aggression and Lower Digit Ratio in a Cohort of Children in Conflict with the Law |
| title_full | Relationship between Heightened Level of Aggression and Lower Digit Ratio in a Cohort of Children in Conflict with the Law |
| title_fullStr | Relationship between Heightened Level of Aggression and Lower Digit Ratio in a Cohort of Children in Conflict with the Law |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between Heightened Level of Aggression and Lower Digit Ratio in a Cohort of Children in Conflict with the Law |
| title_short | Relationship between Heightened Level of Aggression and Lower Digit Ratio in a Cohort of Children in Conflict with the Law |
| title_sort | relationship between heightened level of aggression and lower digit ratio in a cohort of children in conflict with the law |
| topic | aggression delinquency digit ratio family income testosterone |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/amhs.amhs_53_24 |
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