Inflammatory Cytokines—The Link between Coronavirus Disease and Abortion: A Case‐Control Study
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and the risk of abortion have become a major concern for pregnant women worldwide. Whereas research studies have not yet determined the exact risk of abortion due to COVID-19 infection, the virus could increase the risk of pregnancy complications...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Medical Journal of Babylon |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_882_23 |
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| author | Samar Muayad Alfadhel Niran Ali Thamer |
| author_facet | Samar Muayad Alfadhel Niran Ali Thamer |
| author_sort | Samar Muayad Alfadhel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and the risk of abortion have become a major concern for pregnant women worldwide. Whereas research studies have not yet determined the exact risk of abortion due to COVID-19 infection, the virus could increase the risk of pregnancy complications through inflammatory cytokines and immune response. Objective: The study highlights prognostic markers for pregnancy complications during COVID-19 infections by testing interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (INF-γ) in the serum of pregnant women with and without COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A case‐control study consists of 100 cases; included are 50 COVID-19 pregnant women matched with 50 non-COVID-19 pregnant women, with both groups free from any abortion risk factors. The study measured serum IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and INF-γ tests to predict cases with severe infection and those at high risk for fetal loss. Results: The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between elevated immunological markers levels and the severity of COVID-19 and pregnancy complication P value (0.001, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.001 for IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, and INF-γ, respectively). Furthermore, the odd ratio explains that elevated immunological markers increased the risk of baby loss; through COVID-19 infection. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis verified these accuracies; the excellent test referred to IL-6, followed by IL-18 and INF-γ very good tests, then TNF-α as a medium test to predict the risk of pregnancy complication. Conclusion: These results concluded that monitoring these immunological markers’ levels could help predict COVID-19 infection in the severe stage and the risk of pregnancy complications in COVID-19-positive women. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dc5cae543c344a078c94a7a2bcaa75d5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1812-156X 2312-6760 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medical Journal of Babylon |
| spelling | doaj-art-dc5cae543c344a078c94a7a2bcaa75d52025-01-17T10:54:56ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsMedical Journal of Babylon1812-156X2312-67602024-12-0121499399810.4103/MJBL.MJBL_882_23Inflammatory Cytokines—The Link between Coronavirus Disease and Abortion: A Case‐Control StudySamar Muayad AlfadhelNiran Ali ThamerBackground: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and the risk of abortion have become a major concern for pregnant women worldwide. Whereas research studies have not yet determined the exact risk of abortion due to COVID-19 infection, the virus could increase the risk of pregnancy complications through inflammatory cytokines and immune response. Objective: The study highlights prognostic markers for pregnancy complications during COVID-19 infections by testing interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (INF-γ) in the serum of pregnant women with and without COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A case‐control study consists of 100 cases; included are 50 COVID-19 pregnant women matched with 50 non-COVID-19 pregnant women, with both groups free from any abortion risk factors. The study measured serum IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and INF-γ tests to predict cases with severe infection and those at high risk for fetal loss. Results: The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between elevated immunological markers levels and the severity of COVID-19 and pregnancy complication P value (0.001, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.001 for IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, and INF-γ, respectively). Furthermore, the odd ratio explains that elevated immunological markers increased the risk of baby loss; through COVID-19 infection. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis verified these accuracies; the excellent test referred to IL-6, followed by IL-18 and INF-γ very good tests, then TNF-α as a medium test to predict the risk of pregnancy complication. Conclusion: These results concluded that monitoring these immunological markers’ levels could help predict COVID-19 infection in the severe stage and the risk of pregnancy complications in COVID-19-positive women.https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_882_23coronavirusil-18interferon-gammainterleukin-6pregnancy complicationtumor necrosis factors α |
| spellingShingle | Samar Muayad Alfadhel Niran Ali Thamer Inflammatory Cytokines—The Link between Coronavirus Disease and Abortion: A Case‐Control Study Medical Journal of Babylon coronavirus il-18 interferon-gamma interleukin-6 pregnancy complication tumor necrosis factors α |
| title | Inflammatory Cytokines—The Link between Coronavirus Disease and Abortion: A Case‐Control Study |
| title_full | Inflammatory Cytokines—The Link between Coronavirus Disease and Abortion: A Case‐Control Study |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory Cytokines—The Link between Coronavirus Disease and Abortion: A Case‐Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory Cytokines—The Link between Coronavirus Disease and Abortion: A Case‐Control Study |
| title_short | Inflammatory Cytokines—The Link between Coronavirus Disease and Abortion: A Case‐Control Study |
| title_sort | inflammatory cytokines the link between coronavirus disease and abortion a case control study |
| topic | coronavirus il-18 interferon-gamma interleukin-6 pregnancy complication tumor necrosis factors α |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_882_23 |
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