Analysis of humoral and cellular immune activation up to 21 months after heterologous and homologous COVID-19 vaccination

Analysis of humoral and cellular immune activation up to 21 months after heterologous and homologous COVID-19 vaccination

To address the COVID-19 pandemic, diverse vaccination strategies, including homologous and heterologous schedules, were employed to enhance immune protection. This study evaluates the long-term humoral and cellular immune responses in individuals vaccinated with homologous (ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S [ChAd...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Davide Torre, Chiara Orlandi, Ilaria Conti, Simone Barocci, Eugenio Carlotti, Mauro Magnani, Anna Casabianca, Giuseppe Stefanetti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
heterologous vaccine
anti-spike IgG response
T-cell response
B-cell response
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1579163/full
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1579163/full

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