Evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection: a comparative study of state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors

Abstract The proliferation of deepfake speech poses a significant threat to cybersecurity, from manipulating political speeches and impersonating public figures to spoofing voice biometric systems. The increasing sophistication of adversaries increases the necessity of deploying adaptive detection m...

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Main Authors: Anton Firc, Kamil Malinka, Petr Hanáček
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Cybersecurity
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00346-1
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author Anton Firc
Kamil Malinka
Petr Hanáček
author_facet Anton Firc
Kamil Malinka
Petr Hanáček
author_sort Anton Firc
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The proliferation of deepfake speech poses a significant threat to cybersecurity, from manipulating political speeches and impersonating public figures to spoofing voice biometric systems. The increasing sophistication of adversaries increases the necessity of deploying adaptive detection methods. Moreover, real-world incidents such as fraudulent financial transactions highlight the severity of the problem. Although numerous detectors have been developed, their evaluation remains difficult due to different methodologies and benchmark datasets, making direct comparisons impossible. This study presents a general and detailed framework for evaluating and comparing deepfake speech detectors. We further demonstrate the use of this framework to evaluate 40 state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors under various conditions and data samples. We objectively compare these methods and identify the key attributes influencing performance the most. We also stress the issue of generalisation, as current detectors struggle to detect previously unseen deepfake speech samples or samples that have been modified. Finally, to strengthen the defence against synthetic audio content, we provide recommendations for improving the robustness of future detectors.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2523-3246
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-dbf5a4e115fe488e8d5dfbbf45e2a76a2025-08-20T03:43:27ZengSpringerOpenCybersecurity2523-32462025-08-018112410.1186/s42400-024-00346-1Evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection: a comparative study of state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectorsAnton Firc0Kamil Malinka1Petr Hanáček2Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of TechnologyFaculty of Information Technology, Brno University of TechnologyFaculty of Information Technology, Brno University of TechnologyAbstract The proliferation of deepfake speech poses a significant threat to cybersecurity, from manipulating political speeches and impersonating public figures to spoofing voice biometric systems. The increasing sophistication of adversaries increases the necessity of deploying adaptive detection methods. Moreover, real-world incidents such as fraudulent financial transactions highlight the severity of the problem. Although numerous detectors have been developed, their evaluation remains difficult due to different methodologies and benchmark datasets, making direct comparisons impossible. This study presents a general and detailed framework for evaluating and comparing deepfake speech detectors. We further demonstrate the use of this framework to evaluate 40 state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors under various conditions and data samples. We objectively compare these methods and identify the key attributes influencing performance the most. We also stress the issue of generalisation, as current detectors struggle to detect previously unseen deepfake speech samples or samples that have been modified. Finally, to strengthen the defence against synthetic audio content, we provide recommendations for improving the robustness of future detectors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00346-1Deepfake speechDetectionRobustnessEvaluation frameworkComputer security
spellingShingle Anton Firc
Kamil Malinka
Petr Hanáček
Evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection: a comparative study of state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors
Cybersecurity
Deepfake speech
Detection
Robustness
Evaluation framework
Computer security
title Evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection: a comparative study of state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors
title_full Evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection: a comparative study of state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors
title_fullStr Evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection: a comparative study of state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection: a comparative study of state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors
title_short Evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection: a comparative study of state-of-the-art deepfake speech detectors
title_sort evaluation framework for deepfake speech detection a comparative study of state of the art deepfake speech detectors
topic Deepfake speech
Detection
Robustness
Evaluation framework
Computer security
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00346-1
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