Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra

<b>Background:</b> SARS-CoV-2 can trigger hyperinflammation, leading to severe COVID-19, presenting with pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multiple organ failure. Specific biomarkers like leukocytes, CRP, NLR, AST, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and IL-6 are associated...

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Main Authors: Ralitsa Yordanova, Dimitar Strashimirov, Rusina Grozdeva, Daniel Ivanov, Ivelina Trifonova, Nina Yancheva, Tatiana Tcherveniakova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2690
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author Ralitsa Yordanova
Dimitar Strashimirov
Rusina Grozdeva
Daniel Ivanov
Ivelina Trifonova
Nina Yancheva
Tatiana Tcherveniakova
author_facet Ralitsa Yordanova
Dimitar Strashimirov
Rusina Grozdeva
Daniel Ivanov
Ivelina Trifonova
Nina Yancheva
Tatiana Tcherveniakova
author_sort Ralitsa Yordanova
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> SARS-CoV-2 can trigger hyperinflammation, leading to severe COVID-19, presenting with pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multiple organ failure. Specific biomarkers like leukocytes, CRP, NLR, AST, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and IL-6 are associated with disease severity. Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, has been proposed to mitigate hyperinflammation, but its clinical efficacy remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Anakinra on inflammatory biomarkers, oxygenation status, and survival outcomes in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 (according to the National Institute of Health severity scale), compared to standard treatment. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis included 65 patients (mean age 75.51 ± 9.54 years; 58.5% male, 41.5% female) hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19. Patients were divided into two groups: a control group receiving standard treatment (n = 24) and a target group treated with Anakinra (n = 41). Biomarkers and oxygenation status were assessed on Days 0, 3, and 7. Statistical analyses compared the groups for changes in leukocytes, NLR, CRP, AST, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and IL-6. <b>Results:</b> Anakinra treatment was associated with significant reductions in leukocytes, NLR, D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6, and CRP by Days 3 and 7. Improvements in oxygenation status were observed, although no survival benefits were noted. The control group showed no significant biomarker changes except for AST and LDH on Day 7. <b>Conclusions:</b> Anakinra demonstrated favorable effects on biomarkers and oxygenation in moderate to severe COVID-19 but did not improve survival. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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spelling doaj-art-dbef89e1bb774ee187b77f7249dd9fb82024-12-27T14:12:32ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-11-011212269010.3390/biomedicines12122690Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with AnakinraRalitsa Yordanova0Dimitar Strashimirov1Rusina Grozdeva2Daniel Ivanov3Ivelina Trifonova4Nina Yancheva5Tatiana Tcherveniakova6Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaNational Laboratory “Influenza and ARD”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (NCIPD), 1504 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria<b>Background:</b> SARS-CoV-2 can trigger hyperinflammation, leading to severe COVID-19, presenting with pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multiple organ failure. Specific biomarkers like leukocytes, CRP, NLR, AST, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and IL-6 are associated with disease severity. Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, has been proposed to mitigate hyperinflammation, but its clinical efficacy remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Anakinra on inflammatory biomarkers, oxygenation status, and survival outcomes in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 (according to the National Institute of Health severity scale), compared to standard treatment. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis included 65 patients (mean age 75.51 ± 9.54 years; 58.5% male, 41.5% female) hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19. Patients were divided into two groups: a control group receiving standard treatment (n = 24) and a target group treated with Anakinra (n = 41). Biomarkers and oxygenation status were assessed on Days 0, 3, and 7. Statistical analyses compared the groups for changes in leukocytes, NLR, CRP, AST, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and IL-6. <b>Results:</b> Anakinra treatment was associated with significant reductions in leukocytes, NLR, D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6, and CRP by Days 3 and 7. Improvements in oxygenation status were observed, although no survival benefits were noted. The control group showed no significant biomarker changes except for AST and LDH on Day 7. <b>Conclusions:</b> Anakinra demonstrated favorable effects on biomarkers and oxygenation in moderate to severe COVID-19 but did not improve survival. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2690COVID-19hyperinflammationtreatment evaluationIL-1 receptor antagonist
spellingShingle Ralitsa Yordanova
Dimitar Strashimirov
Rusina Grozdeva
Daniel Ivanov
Ivelina Trifonova
Nina Yancheva
Tatiana Tcherveniakova
Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra
Biomedicines
COVID-19
hyperinflammation
treatment evaluation
IL-1 receptor antagonist
title Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra
title_full Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra
title_fullStr Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra
title_full_unstemmed Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra
title_short Dynamics of Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Anakinra
title_sort dynamics of biomarkers in covid 19 patients treated with anakinra
topic COVID-19
hyperinflammation
treatment evaluation
IL-1 receptor antagonist
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2690
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