Selenium + Vitamin E Supplementation in Anestrus Goats: A Strategy to Enhance Reproductive Outcomes Under a Semi-Arid Production System

Goats are primarily raised in marginal, arid, and semi-arid production systems and exhibit a seasonal reproductive pattern. Extending their reproductive season would enhance food security and improve the economic viability of goat production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the...

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Main Authors: Raquel Santos-Silva, Cesar A. Meza-Herrera, Brenda Castro-Roque, Guadalupe Calderón-Leyva, Cayetano Navarrete-Molina, Oscar Angel-García, Jessica M. Flores-Salas, Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes, Fernando Arellano-Rodriguez, Cesar A. Rosales-Nieto
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1421
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author Raquel Santos-Silva
Cesar A. Meza-Herrera
Brenda Castro-Roque
Guadalupe Calderón-Leyva
Cayetano Navarrete-Molina
Oscar Angel-García
Jessica M. Flores-Salas
Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes
Fernando Arellano-Rodriguez
Cesar A. Rosales-Nieto
author_facet Raquel Santos-Silva
Cesar A. Meza-Herrera
Brenda Castro-Roque
Guadalupe Calderón-Leyva
Cayetano Navarrete-Molina
Oscar Angel-García
Jessica M. Flores-Salas
Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes
Fernando Arellano-Rodriguez
Cesar A. Rosales-Nieto
author_sort Raquel Santos-Silva
collection DOAJ
description Goats are primarily raised in marginal, arid, and semi-arid production systems and exhibit a seasonal reproductive pattern. Extending their reproductive season would enhance food security and improve the economic viability of goat production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of SeVE supplementation during the anestrus season on ovarian activity in anestrous goats subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol. The response variables included estrus induction (EI), ovulatory rate (OR), corpus luteum diameter (CLD), left and right ovary diameters (LOD and ROD), embryo implantation (EMBRYO), and pregnancy rates (PREG). Adult, anestrous, crossbred dairy goats (<i>n</i> = 32) from northern semi-arid Mexico (i.e., Comarca Lagunera, 26° N) were randomly assigned to two homogeneous groups based on age, live weight (LW), and body condition score (BCS): (1) the supplemented group (SeVE; <i>n</i> = 16), received 5 mg selenium plus 350 IU vitamin E, and (2) the control group (CONT; <i>n</i> = 16), received physiological saline. Estrus was induced using a combination of progesterone (P4, 20 mg), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG, 400 IU), and exposure to the male effect. While no differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were observed between the groups for LW and BCS, the variables EI, OR, EMBRYO, and PREG rates were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the SeVE group than the CONT group. No differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were observed between the groups for CLD, LOD, or ROD. Thus, SeVE-targeted supplementation improved reproductive outcomes without affecting ovarian structure size (i.e., a non-dimensional ovarian SeVE action), suggesting that this precision supplementation strategy certainly enhances reproductive efficiency. This was possibly related to selenium-induced increases in P4 synthesis, and the antioxidant effects on follicular development correlate with improved endometrial development, conceptus survival, embryo growth, and pregnancy maintenance. Such improvements could contribute to the sustainability of marginal production systems in the semi-arid regions of northern Mexico, supporting food security and increasing economic returns for goat producers and their families.
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spelling doaj-art-dbc63e1ec462437d99e5727c3c6b1dbb2025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011510142110.3390/ani15101421Selenium + Vitamin E Supplementation in Anestrus Goats: A Strategy to Enhance Reproductive Outcomes Under a Semi-Arid Production SystemRaquel Santos-Silva0Cesar A. Meza-Herrera1Brenda Castro-Roque2Guadalupe Calderón-Leyva3Cayetano Navarrete-Molina4Oscar Angel-García5Jessica M. Flores-Salas6Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes7Fernando Arellano-Rodriguez8Cesar A. Rosales-Nieto9Graduate Program—Natural Resources and Environment in Arid Lands, Regional Universitary Unit on Arid Lands, Chapingo Autonomous University, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, MexicoGraduate Program—Natural Resources and Environment in Arid Lands, Regional Universitary Unit on Arid Lands, Chapingo Autonomous University, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, MexicoGraduate Program—Natural Resources and Environment in Arid Lands, Regional Universitary Unit on Arid Lands, Chapingo Autonomous University, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, MexicoGraduate Program—Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Antonio Narro Agricultural Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon Coahuila 27054, MexicoDepartment of Chemistry, Environmental Technology Area, Rodeo Technological University, Rodeo, Durango 35760, MexicoGraduate Program—Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Antonio Narro Agricultural Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon Coahuila 27054, MexicoGraduate Program—Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Antonio Narro Agricultural Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon Coahuila 27054, MexicoGraduate Program—Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Antonio Narro Agricultural Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon Coahuila 27054, MexicoGraduate Program—Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Antonio Narro Agricultural Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon Coahuila 27054, MexicoDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USAGoats are primarily raised in marginal, arid, and semi-arid production systems and exhibit a seasonal reproductive pattern. Extending their reproductive season would enhance food security and improve the economic viability of goat production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of SeVE supplementation during the anestrus season on ovarian activity in anestrous goats subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol. The response variables included estrus induction (EI), ovulatory rate (OR), corpus luteum diameter (CLD), left and right ovary diameters (LOD and ROD), embryo implantation (EMBRYO), and pregnancy rates (PREG). Adult, anestrous, crossbred dairy goats (<i>n</i> = 32) from northern semi-arid Mexico (i.e., Comarca Lagunera, 26° N) were randomly assigned to two homogeneous groups based on age, live weight (LW), and body condition score (BCS): (1) the supplemented group (SeVE; <i>n</i> = 16), received 5 mg selenium plus 350 IU vitamin E, and (2) the control group (CONT; <i>n</i> = 16), received physiological saline. Estrus was induced using a combination of progesterone (P4, 20 mg), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG, 400 IU), and exposure to the male effect. While no differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were observed between the groups for LW and BCS, the variables EI, OR, EMBRYO, and PREG rates were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the SeVE group than the CONT group. No differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05) were observed between the groups for CLD, LOD, or ROD. Thus, SeVE-targeted supplementation improved reproductive outcomes without affecting ovarian structure size (i.e., a non-dimensional ovarian SeVE action), suggesting that this precision supplementation strategy certainly enhances reproductive efficiency. This was possibly related to selenium-induced increases in P4 synthesis, and the antioxidant effects on follicular development correlate with improved endometrial development, conceptus survival, embryo growth, and pregnancy maintenance. Such improvements could contribute to the sustainability of marginal production systems in the semi-arid regions of northern Mexico, supporting food security and increasing economic returns for goat producers and their families.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1421goatsanestrousmale effecttargeted supplementationreproductive efficiencyfood security
spellingShingle Raquel Santos-Silva
Cesar A. Meza-Herrera
Brenda Castro-Roque
Guadalupe Calderón-Leyva
Cayetano Navarrete-Molina
Oscar Angel-García
Jessica M. Flores-Salas
Angeles De Santiago-Miramontes
Fernando Arellano-Rodriguez
Cesar A. Rosales-Nieto
Selenium + Vitamin E Supplementation in Anestrus Goats: A Strategy to Enhance Reproductive Outcomes Under a Semi-Arid Production System
Animals
goats
anestrous
male effect
targeted supplementation
reproductive efficiency
food security
title Selenium + Vitamin E Supplementation in Anestrus Goats: A Strategy to Enhance Reproductive Outcomes Under a Semi-Arid Production System
title_full Selenium + Vitamin E Supplementation in Anestrus Goats: A Strategy to Enhance Reproductive Outcomes Under a Semi-Arid Production System
title_fullStr Selenium + Vitamin E Supplementation in Anestrus Goats: A Strategy to Enhance Reproductive Outcomes Under a Semi-Arid Production System
title_full_unstemmed Selenium + Vitamin E Supplementation in Anestrus Goats: A Strategy to Enhance Reproductive Outcomes Under a Semi-Arid Production System
title_short Selenium + Vitamin E Supplementation in Anestrus Goats: A Strategy to Enhance Reproductive Outcomes Under a Semi-Arid Production System
title_sort selenium vitamin e supplementation in anestrus goats a strategy to enhance reproductive outcomes under a semi arid production system
topic goats
anestrous
male effect
targeted supplementation
reproductive efficiency
food security
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1421
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