Potential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of Himachal Pradesh in India
Abstract The rapid advancement of global industrialization has significantly increased air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), and noise, impacting indoor air quality in urban areas and posing notable health risks. This study monitored total volatile organic compounds...
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Springer
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Discover Environment |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00221-x |
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| author | Indramani Dhada Prince Vats Shailesh Kumar Samal |
| author_facet | Indramani Dhada Prince Vats Shailesh Kumar Samal |
| author_sort | Indramani Dhada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The rapid advancement of global industrialization has significantly increased air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), and noise, impacting indoor air quality in urban areas and posing notable health risks. This study monitored total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), noise, PM (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), and BC inside bottling and beverage industries during the monsoon season in Himachal Pradesh, India. The highest recorded values of parameters were 142 ppm (TVOC), 359 µg/m3 (PM10), 102 µg/m3 (PM2.5), 65 µg/m3 (PM1), 26 µg/m3 (BC), and 87 dB (noise). The health risk assessment revealed noncarcinogenic hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 0.52 to 0.80, with the highest risk observed for males aged 50–60 and females aged 40–50. Carcinogenic risk attributed to BC was estimated between 5.8E−04 and 6.8E-04. The highest uncertainty (2.02%) was observed in the carcinogenic risk for BC among females aged 21–30. In comparison, the lowest uncertainty (0.36%) of risk was found in noncarcinogenic HR for PM2.5 among males of the same age group. While minimal variation for HR estimation (~ 0.87%) was found between deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Despite limitations inherent to its cross-sectional design, the study underscores significant occupational health risks due to indoor air pollution in industrial settings. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dbc2ef81e0764414b0d45c67ff7d80f0 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2731-9431 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Environment |
| spelling | doaj-art-dbc2ef81e0764414b0d45c67ff7d80f02025-08-20T03:05:00ZengSpringerDiscover Environment2731-94312025-04-013111810.1007/s44274-025-00221-xPotential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of Himachal Pradesh in IndiaIndramani Dhada0Prince Vats1Shailesh Kumar Samal2Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology RoparDepartment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology RoparUnit of Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetAbstract The rapid advancement of global industrialization has significantly increased air pollution, particularly particulate matter (PM), black carbon (BC), and noise, impacting indoor air quality in urban areas and posing notable health risks. This study monitored total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), noise, PM (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), and BC inside bottling and beverage industries during the monsoon season in Himachal Pradesh, India. The highest recorded values of parameters were 142 ppm (TVOC), 359 µg/m3 (PM10), 102 µg/m3 (PM2.5), 65 µg/m3 (PM1), 26 µg/m3 (BC), and 87 dB (noise). The health risk assessment revealed noncarcinogenic hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 0.52 to 0.80, with the highest risk observed for males aged 50–60 and females aged 40–50. Carcinogenic risk attributed to BC was estimated between 5.8E−04 and 6.8E-04. The highest uncertainty (2.02%) was observed in the carcinogenic risk for BC among females aged 21–30. In comparison, the lowest uncertainty (0.36%) of risk was found in noncarcinogenic HR for PM2.5 among males of the same age group. While minimal variation for HR estimation (~ 0.87%) was found between deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Despite limitations inherent to its cross-sectional design, the study underscores significant occupational health risks due to indoor air pollution in industrial settings. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00221-xBottling and beverage industryIndoor pollutionProbabilistic health riskTVOCPM and black carbonSound levels |
| spellingShingle | Indramani Dhada Prince Vats Shailesh Kumar Samal Potential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of Himachal Pradesh in India Discover Environment Bottling and beverage industry Indoor pollution Probabilistic health risk TVOC PM and black carbon Sound levels |
| title | Potential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of Himachal Pradesh in India |
| title_full | Potential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of Himachal Pradesh in India |
| title_fullStr | Potential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of Himachal Pradesh in India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of Himachal Pradesh in India |
| title_short | Potential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of Himachal Pradesh in India |
| title_sort | potential health risk estimation through deterministic and stochastic approach for the air pollutants found inside bottling beverage industries of himachal pradesh in india |
| topic | Bottling and beverage industry Indoor pollution Probabilistic health risk TVOC PM and black carbon Sound levels |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00221-x |
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