Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”

Cortisol awakening response (CAR) research relies upon self-collected saliva sampling during the post-awakening period. It is unknown how the CAR protocol is perceived and how they may affect typical routines relevant to CAR methodology. CAR assessment is sensitive to state variables, suggesting tha...

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Main Authors: Natasha Ramachandran, Nina Smyth, Sanjay Joban, Maria Flynn, Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666497624000523
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author Natasha Ramachandran
Nina Smyth
Sanjay Joban
Maria Flynn
Angela Clow
Lisa Thorn
author_facet Natasha Ramachandran
Nina Smyth
Sanjay Joban
Maria Flynn
Angela Clow
Lisa Thorn
author_sort Natasha Ramachandran
collection DOAJ
description Cortisol awakening response (CAR) research relies upon self-collected saliva sampling during the post-awakening period. It is unknown how the CAR protocol is perceived and how they may affect typical routines relevant to CAR methodology. CAR assessment is sensitive to state variables, suggesting that CAR measurement may be affected by research participation. This is the first qualitative study to explore motivation and experiences of participation in CAR research.Interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 participants (males/females: 4/16) aged 46-82 years following their participation in CAR research in the domestic setting. Responses were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.Participants were motivated to take part in CAR research for altruistic reasons and the apparent convenience of undertaking the study at home. Participants experienced the study as arduous describing apprehension and the cognitive burden it placed on them leading to disruptions to sleep and morning routines. Participants also struggled to identify the moment of awakening and there was uncertainty surrounding the timing of the first awakening sample. Disruptions were lessened with habituation to sampling on repeated study days.There was apprehension about taking part in CAR research, affecting mood, cognition, and sleep; state variables known to influence the CAR. Findings inform ways to optimise CAR ‘ecological validity’ and obtain typical CAR characteristics. The ‘moment of awakening’, was not universally understood, leading to hesitancy in deciding when to collect saliva samples. Researchers need to include a specific discussion of the commonly experienced ambiguity surrounding awakening to increase awareness, lessen anxiety and highlight its importance.
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spelling doaj-art-dbae7d7588224a608410c4197b0c775d2024-12-19T11:00:49ZengElsevierComprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology2666-49762024-11-0120100276Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”Natasha Ramachandran0Nina Smyth1Sanjay Joban2Maria Flynn3Angela Clow4Lisa Thorn5Corresponding author. School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK.; School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UKSchool of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UKSchool of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UKSchool of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UKSchool of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UKSchool of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UKCortisol awakening response (CAR) research relies upon self-collected saliva sampling during the post-awakening period. It is unknown how the CAR protocol is perceived and how they may affect typical routines relevant to CAR methodology. CAR assessment is sensitive to state variables, suggesting that CAR measurement may be affected by research participation. This is the first qualitative study to explore motivation and experiences of participation in CAR research.Interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 participants (males/females: 4/16) aged 46-82 years following their participation in CAR research in the domestic setting. Responses were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.Participants were motivated to take part in CAR research for altruistic reasons and the apparent convenience of undertaking the study at home. Participants experienced the study as arduous describing apprehension and the cognitive burden it placed on them leading to disruptions to sleep and morning routines. Participants also struggled to identify the moment of awakening and there was uncertainty surrounding the timing of the first awakening sample. Disruptions were lessened with habituation to sampling on repeated study days.There was apprehension about taking part in CAR research, affecting mood, cognition, and sleep; state variables known to influence the CAR. Findings inform ways to optimise CAR ‘ecological validity’ and obtain typical CAR characteristics. The ‘moment of awakening’, was not universally understood, leading to hesitancy in deciding when to collect saliva samples. Researchers need to include a specific discussion of the commonly experienced ambiguity surrounding awakening to increase awareness, lessen anxiety and highlight its importance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666497624000523AwakeningEcological validitySalivary cortisolQualitative researchParticipant experienceCAR methodology
spellingShingle Natasha Ramachandran
Nina Smyth
Sanjay Joban
Maria Flynn
Angela Clow
Lisa Thorn
Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”
Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology
Awakening
Ecological validity
Salivary cortisol
Qualitative research
Participant experience
CAR methodology
title Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”
title_full Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”
title_fullStr Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”
title_full_unstemmed Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”
title_short Experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research: “I was more conscious than usual, I wanted to get it right”
title_sort experiences of participating in cortisol awakening response research i was more conscious than usual i wanted to get it right
topic Awakening
Ecological validity
Salivary cortisol
Qualitative research
Participant experience
CAR methodology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666497624000523
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