Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes

Abstract A key component of organic bioelectronics is electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EG‐OFETs), which have recently been used as sensors to demonstrate label‐free, single‐molecule detection. However, these devices exhibit limited stability when operated in direct contact with aq...

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Main Authors: Dimitrios Simatos, Mark Nikolka, Jérôme Charmet, Leszek J. Spalek, Zenon Toprakcioglu, Ian E. Jacobs, Ivan B. Dimov, Guillaume Schweicher, Mi Jung Lee, Carmen M. Fernández‐Posada, Duncan J. Howe, Tuuli A. Hakala, Lianne W. Y. Roode, Vincenzo Pecunia, Thomas P. Sharp, Weimin Zhang, Maryam Alsufyani, Iain McCulloch, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, Henning Sirringhaus
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:SmartMat
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1291
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author Dimitrios Simatos
Mark Nikolka
Jérôme Charmet
Leszek J. Spalek
Zenon Toprakcioglu
Ian E. Jacobs
Ivan B. Dimov
Guillaume Schweicher
Mi Jung Lee
Carmen M. Fernández‐Posada
Duncan J. Howe
Tuuli A. Hakala
Lianne W. Y. Roode
Vincenzo Pecunia
Thomas P. Sharp
Weimin Zhang
Maryam Alsufyani
Iain McCulloch
Tuomas P. J. Knowles
Henning Sirringhaus
author_facet Dimitrios Simatos
Mark Nikolka
Jérôme Charmet
Leszek J. Spalek
Zenon Toprakcioglu
Ian E. Jacobs
Ivan B. Dimov
Guillaume Schweicher
Mi Jung Lee
Carmen M. Fernández‐Posada
Duncan J. Howe
Tuuli A. Hakala
Lianne W. Y. Roode
Vincenzo Pecunia
Thomas P. Sharp
Weimin Zhang
Maryam Alsufyani
Iain McCulloch
Tuomas P. J. Knowles
Henning Sirringhaus
author_sort Dimitrios Simatos
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A key component of organic bioelectronics is electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EG‐OFETs), which have recently been used as sensors to demonstrate label‐free, single‐molecule detection. However, these devices exhibit limited stability when operated in direct contact with aqueous electrolytes. Ultrahigh stability is demonstrated to be achievable through the utilization of a systematic multifactorial approach in this study. EG‐OFETs with operational stability and lifetime several orders of magnitude higher than the state of the art have been fabricated by carefully controlling a set of intricate stability‐limiting factors, including contamination and corrosion. The indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) EG‐OFETs exhibit operational stability that exceeds 900 min in a variety of widely used electrolytes, with an overall lifetime exceeding 2 months in ultrapure water and 1 month in various electrolytes. The devices were not affected by electrical stress‐induced trap states and can remain stable even in voltage ranges where electrochemical doping occurs. To validate the applicability of our stabilized device for biosensing applications, the reliable detection of the protein lysozyme in ultrapure water and in a physiological sodium phosphate buffer solution for 1500 min was demonstrated. The results show that polymer‐based EG‐OFETs are a viable architecture not only for short‐term but also for long‐term biosensing applications.
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spelling doaj-art-db8e5722161a4ea19165cd29aa0235b12024-12-18T13:25:15ZengWileySmartMat2688-819X2024-12-0156n/an/a10.1002/smm2.1291Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytesDimitrios Simatos0Mark Nikolka1Jérôme Charmet2Leszek J. Spalek3Zenon Toprakcioglu4Ian E. Jacobs5Ivan B. Dimov6Guillaume Schweicher7Mi Jung Lee8Carmen M. Fernández‐Posada9Duncan J. Howe10Tuuli A. Hakala11Lianne W. Y. Roode12Vincenzo Pecunia13Thomas P. Sharp14Weimin Zhang15Maryam Alsufyani16Iain McCulloch17Tuomas P. J. Knowles18Henning Sirringhaus19Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UKOptoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UKSchool of Engineering−HE‐Arc Ingénierie HES‐SO University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Neuchâtel SwitzerlandOptoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UKYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UKOptoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UKElectrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge UKLaboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Bruxelles BelgiumSchool of Natural Science Taejae University Seoul Republic of KoreaMaxwell Centre Department of Physics Cambridge UKYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UKYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UKYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UKSchool of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences Simon Fraser University Surrey British Columbia CanadaOptoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UKPhysical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford UKPhysical Science and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi ArabiaYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UKOptoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge Cambridge UKAbstract A key component of organic bioelectronics is electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors (EG‐OFETs), which have recently been used as sensors to demonstrate label‐free, single‐molecule detection. However, these devices exhibit limited stability when operated in direct contact with aqueous electrolytes. Ultrahigh stability is demonstrated to be achievable through the utilization of a systematic multifactorial approach in this study. EG‐OFETs with operational stability and lifetime several orders of magnitude higher than the state of the art have been fabricated by carefully controlling a set of intricate stability‐limiting factors, including contamination and corrosion. The indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) EG‐OFETs exhibit operational stability that exceeds 900 min in a variety of widely used electrolytes, with an overall lifetime exceeding 2 months in ultrapure water and 1 month in various electrolytes. The devices were not affected by electrical stress‐induced trap states and can remain stable even in voltage ranges where electrochemical doping occurs. To validate the applicability of our stabilized device for biosensing applications, the reliable detection of the protein lysozyme in ultrapure water and in a physiological sodium phosphate buffer solution for 1500 min was demonstrated. The results show that polymer‐based EG‐OFETs are a viable architecture not only for short‐term but also for long‐term biosensing applications.https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1291contaminantsgalvanic corrosionlong‐term sensingorganic electronicsorganic field‐effect transistorswater stability
spellingShingle Dimitrios Simatos
Mark Nikolka
Jérôme Charmet
Leszek J. Spalek
Zenon Toprakcioglu
Ian E. Jacobs
Ivan B. Dimov
Guillaume Schweicher
Mi Jung Lee
Carmen M. Fernández‐Posada
Duncan J. Howe
Tuuli A. Hakala
Lianne W. Y. Roode
Vincenzo Pecunia
Thomas P. Sharp
Weimin Zhang
Maryam Alsufyani
Iain McCulloch
Tuomas P. J. Knowles
Henning Sirringhaus
Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes
SmartMat
contaminants
galvanic corrosion
long‐term sensing
organic electronics
organic field‐effect transistors
water stability
title Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes
title_full Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes
title_fullStr Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes
title_full_unstemmed Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes
title_short Electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes
title_sort electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors with high operational stability and lifetime in practical electrolytes
topic contaminants
galvanic corrosion
long‐term sensing
organic electronics
organic field‐effect transistors
water stability
url https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1291
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