Plasma-Treated Water Retards Pellicle-like Biofilm Formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>
Plasma-treated water (PTW) recently entered science as a sanitizing agent, which possess the capability for on-demand production. It offers interesting possibilities for sustainable and resource-saving applications in healthcare and food production. The present study monitors the impact of PTW on su...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/15/4/181 |
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| author | Thomas Weihe Jan Wallis Mareike Meister Jörg Ehlbeck Uta Schnabel |
| author_facet | Thomas Weihe Jan Wallis Mareike Meister Jörg Ehlbeck Uta Schnabel |
| author_sort | Thomas Weihe |
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| description | Plasma-treated water (PTW) recently entered science as a sanitizing agent, which possess the capability for on-demand production. It offers interesting possibilities for sustainable and resource-saving applications in healthcare and food production. The present study monitors the impact of PTW on suspended cells before the biofilm formation of the putrefactive bacterium <i>B. subtilis.</i> Light and electron microscope imaging captures the maturing of growing biofilms within the first 24 h. Microbiological assays (proliferation, LIVE/DEAD, and XTT), which mirror the proliferation of the bacterium, the metabolic activity, and the integrity of the cell membrane, underpinning the metabolic response of still-suspended cells. <i>B. subtilis</i> cells without any treatment build up a resistive biofilm within the 24 h. Cells that remain in the supernatant predominantly appear as monomers or dimers. Treated <i>B. subtilis</i> cells have hampered biofilm formation and were not able to build up a confluent growing biofilm within the first 24 h. Moreover, the microscopic observation of PTW-treated suspension showed cellular aggregates with an unusually high connectivity of the individual cells. The findings suggest this cellular reaction as a counter measure against the adverse impact of PTW treatment. The experiments show the adverse impact of PTW on <i>B. subtilis</i>–biofilm formation and the phenomenological reaction of <i>B. subtilis</i>. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db7868783d614e01b1e372a22c9deda5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2036-7481 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-db7868783d614e01b1e372a22c9deda52024-12-27T14:40:33ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812024-12-011542726274210.3390/microbiolres15040181Plasma-Treated Water Retards Pellicle-like Biofilm Formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>Thomas Weihe0Jan Wallis1Mareike Meister2Jörg Ehlbeck3Uta Schnabel4Research Division LBD, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, GermanyResearch Division GET, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, GermanyResearch Division LBD, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, GermanyResearch Division LBD, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, GermanyResearch Division LBD, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, 17489 Greifswald, GermanyPlasma-treated water (PTW) recently entered science as a sanitizing agent, which possess the capability for on-demand production. It offers interesting possibilities for sustainable and resource-saving applications in healthcare and food production. The present study monitors the impact of PTW on suspended cells before the biofilm formation of the putrefactive bacterium <i>B. subtilis.</i> Light and electron microscope imaging captures the maturing of growing biofilms within the first 24 h. Microbiological assays (proliferation, LIVE/DEAD, and XTT), which mirror the proliferation of the bacterium, the metabolic activity, and the integrity of the cell membrane, underpinning the metabolic response of still-suspended cells. <i>B. subtilis</i> cells without any treatment build up a resistive biofilm within the 24 h. Cells that remain in the supernatant predominantly appear as monomers or dimers. Treated <i>B. subtilis</i> cells have hampered biofilm formation and were not able to build up a confluent growing biofilm within the first 24 h. Moreover, the microscopic observation of PTW-treated suspension showed cellular aggregates with an unusually high connectivity of the individual cells. The findings suggest this cellular reaction as a counter measure against the adverse impact of PTW treatment. The experiments show the adverse impact of PTW on <i>B. subtilis</i>–biofilm formation and the phenomenological reaction of <i>B. subtilis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/15/4/181food safetynonthermal plasmaatmospheric plasmaplasma-activated waterreactive oxygen and nitrogen speciesfood contaminations |
| spellingShingle | Thomas Weihe Jan Wallis Mareike Meister Jörg Ehlbeck Uta Schnabel Plasma-Treated Water Retards Pellicle-like Biofilm Formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Microbiology Research food safety nonthermal plasma atmospheric plasma plasma-activated water reactive oxygen and nitrogen species food contaminations |
| title | Plasma-Treated Water Retards Pellicle-like Biofilm Formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> |
| title_full | Plasma-Treated Water Retards Pellicle-like Biofilm Formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Plasma-Treated Water Retards Pellicle-like Biofilm Formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plasma-Treated Water Retards Pellicle-like Biofilm Formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> |
| title_short | Plasma-Treated Water Retards Pellicle-like Biofilm Formation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> |
| title_sort | plasma treated water retards pellicle like biofilm formation of i bacillus subtilis i |
| topic | food safety nonthermal plasma atmospheric plasma plasma-activated water reactive oxygen and nitrogen species food contaminations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/15/4/181 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thomasweihe plasmatreatedwaterretardspelliclelikebiofilmformationofibacillussubtilisi AT janwallis plasmatreatedwaterretardspelliclelikebiofilmformationofibacillussubtilisi AT mareikemeister plasmatreatedwaterretardspelliclelikebiofilmformationofibacillussubtilisi AT jorgehlbeck plasmatreatedwaterretardspelliclelikebiofilmformationofibacillussubtilisi AT utaschnabel plasmatreatedwaterretardspelliclelikebiofilmformationofibacillussubtilisi |