Using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing HIV care to primary health centers in Lima, Peru

Abstract Background Decentralizing HIV services is an evidence-based strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to expand healthcare access by shifting most HIV care from specialty (SHCs) to primary health centers (PHCs) with the goal of maximizing health outcomes. To accelerate Peru Mini...

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Main Authors: David Oliveros, Kelika A. Konda, Lynn M. Madden, Juan José Montenegro-Idrogo, Karla T. Tafur Quintanilla, Karin Sosa Barbarán, Benjamin M. Nikitin, Matthew Ponticiello, Carlos M. Benites, Jorge Sánchez, Frederick L. Altice
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Health Services Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12618-8
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author David Oliveros
Kelika A. Konda
Lynn M. Madden
Juan José Montenegro-Idrogo
Karla T. Tafur Quintanilla
Karin Sosa Barbarán
Benjamin M. Nikitin
Matthew Ponticiello
Carlos M. Benites
Jorge Sánchez
Frederick L. Altice
author_facet David Oliveros
Kelika A. Konda
Lynn M. Madden
Juan José Montenegro-Idrogo
Karla T. Tafur Quintanilla
Karin Sosa Barbarán
Benjamin M. Nikitin
Matthew Ponticiello
Carlos M. Benites
Jorge Sánchez
Frederick L. Altice
author_sort David Oliveros
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Decentralizing HIV services is an evidence-based strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to expand healthcare access by shifting most HIV care from specialty (SHCs) to primary health centers (PHCs) with the goal of maximizing health outcomes. To accelerate Peru Ministry of Health’s 2020 priority to transition from specialty to primary health centers, we assessed multilevel stakeholders’ perspectives on barriers and opportunities for scaling-up decentralization of HIV care. Methods Between January and March 2024, we used nominal group technique (NGT), a mixed-methods research strategy, to rapidly identify barriers and rank potential solutions to decentralizing HIV services among two groups of patients (N = 16) and four groups of healthcare providers (N = 49) in Lima, Peru. Patient groups were those who: (1) were established in HIV care at a SHC; and (2) transferred from a SHC to a PHC. Three provider groups were mixed and included individuals from PHCs and SHCs while one was from a SHC in Central Lima. After listing all perceived barriers and solutions, participants in each group rank-ordered responses to generate potentially actionable responses. Results Among 195 votes from 65 participants, multilevel HIV stigma was the highest priority barrier to decentralizing HIV care among both patients and providers (34.4%). While patients and providers prioritized different issues, all NGT groups highlighted a general lack of confidence in the expertise of PHCs (21.0%), system-level or transfer logistic challenges (19.0%), insufficient infrastructure and capacity of PHCs to provide HIV treatment (15.9%), and a lack of patient-level support (9.7%) as other major barriers to HIV decentralization. Conclusions While the Peruvian Ministry of Health has prioritized HIV care decentralization, achieving this goal remains challenging. Identified barriers require a range of implementation strategies to achieve decentralization goals, such as process improvement strategies to address stigma and logistical barriers to transferring patients, while educational meetings, including tele-mentoring or expert feedback, may address a lack of confidence in provider expertise at PHCs. Deployment of hub-and-spoke treatment models could enhance communication between experts at SHCs and PHCs and ensure that patient continuity of care is achieved.
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spelling doaj-art-db77bcc7af2543f7a02ceb0fdc87a7d22025-08-20T03:40:44ZengBMCBMC Health Services Research1472-69632025-03-0125111110.1186/s12913-025-12618-8Using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing HIV care to primary health centers in Lima, PeruDavid Oliveros0Kelika A. Konda1Lynn M. Madden2Juan José Montenegro-Idrogo3Karla T. Tafur Quintanilla4Karin Sosa Barbarán5Benjamin M. Nikitin6Matthew Ponticiello7Carlos M. Benites8Jorge Sánchez9Frederick L. Altice10Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversityCentro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales (CITBM), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosSection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversityCentro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales (CITBM), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosCentro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales (CITBM), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosCentro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales (CITBM), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosSection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversitySection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversityDirección de Prevención y Control de VIH-SIDA, Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual y Hepatitis (DPVIH), Ministerio de Salud (MINSA)Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales (CITBM), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosSection of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale UniversityAbstract Background Decentralizing HIV services is an evidence-based strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to expand healthcare access by shifting most HIV care from specialty (SHCs) to primary health centers (PHCs) with the goal of maximizing health outcomes. To accelerate Peru Ministry of Health’s 2020 priority to transition from specialty to primary health centers, we assessed multilevel stakeholders’ perspectives on barriers and opportunities for scaling-up decentralization of HIV care. Methods Between January and March 2024, we used nominal group technique (NGT), a mixed-methods research strategy, to rapidly identify barriers and rank potential solutions to decentralizing HIV services among two groups of patients (N = 16) and four groups of healthcare providers (N = 49) in Lima, Peru. Patient groups were those who: (1) were established in HIV care at a SHC; and (2) transferred from a SHC to a PHC. Three provider groups were mixed and included individuals from PHCs and SHCs while one was from a SHC in Central Lima. After listing all perceived barriers and solutions, participants in each group rank-ordered responses to generate potentially actionable responses. Results Among 195 votes from 65 participants, multilevel HIV stigma was the highest priority barrier to decentralizing HIV care among both patients and providers (34.4%). While patients and providers prioritized different issues, all NGT groups highlighted a general lack of confidence in the expertise of PHCs (21.0%), system-level or transfer logistic challenges (19.0%), insufficient infrastructure and capacity of PHCs to provide HIV treatment (15.9%), and a lack of patient-level support (9.7%) as other major barriers to HIV decentralization. Conclusions While the Peruvian Ministry of Health has prioritized HIV care decentralization, achieving this goal remains challenging. Identified barriers require a range of implementation strategies to achieve decentralization goals, such as process improvement strategies to address stigma and logistical barriers to transferring patients, while educational meetings, including tele-mentoring or expert feedback, may address a lack of confidence in provider expertise at PHCs. Deployment of hub-and-spoke treatment models could enhance communication between experts at SHCs and PHCs and ensure that patient continuity of care is achieved.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12618-8DecentralizationHIVImplementation scienceNominal group techniqueRE-AIM framework
spellingShingle David Oliveros
Kelika A. Konda
Lynn M. Madden
Juan José Montenegro-Idrogo
Karla T. Tafur Quintanilla
Karin Sosa Barbarán
Benjamin M. Nikitin
Matthew Ponticiello
Carlos M. Benites
Jorge Sánchez
Frederick L. Altice
Using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing HIV care to primary health centers in Lima, Peru
BMC Health Services Research
Decentralization
HIV
Implementation science
Nominal group technique
RE-AIM framework
title Using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing HIV care to primary health centers in Lima, Peru
title_full Using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing HIV care to primary health centers in Lima, Peru
title_fullStr Using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing HIV care to primary health centers in Lima, Peru
title_full_unstemmed Using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing HIV care to primary health centers in Lima, Peru
title_short Using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing HIV care to primary health centers in Lima, Peru
title_sort using nominal group technique to identify and prioritize barriers to decentralizing hiv care to primary health centers in lima peru
topic Decentralization
HIV
Implementation science
Nominal group technique
RE-AIM framework
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12618-8
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