Oral and gut microbiota in gingivitis subtypes: a causal inference study using Mendelian randomization

Abstract Background The disruption of microbiota balance could be a pivotal factor in the complications arising from periodontal disease-induced inflammation outside the mouth. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether there is a direct causal relationship between the oral and gut microbiomes and gi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jichao Lin, Qingjiang Xu, Wei Bi, Youcheng Yu, Qinglian Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06658-z
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