Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University
Background: Collegiate student-athletes have unique nutritional requirements to support their athletic performance and health. Few studies have comprehensively characterized the diets of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student-athletes. Objectives: To characterize dietary...
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Current Developments in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124024090 |
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| author | David E Barney, Jr. Susan N Cheung Aaron R Harris Claire E Berryman Stephen R Hennigar |
| author_facet | David E Barney, Jr. Susan N Cheung Aaron R Harris Claire E Berryman Stephen R Hennigar |
| author_sort | David E Barney, Jr. |
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| description | Background: Collegiate student-athletes have unique nutritional requirements to support their athletic performance and health. Few studies have comprehensively characterized the diets of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student-athletes. Objectives: To characterize dietary intake and diet quality during a competitive season in female and male NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes from a single university. Methods: Females and males (n = 14/sex) from the Florida State University cross country teams completed 9-d of food records across their competitive season. Nutrient intakes were compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the United States population [e.g., Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs)] and athlete-specific guidelines. Diet quality was assessed according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) using the 2020 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020). Total daily energy expenditure was estimated from training records. Results: Carbohydrate intakes were below athlete guidelines in 43% of females (mean ± SD, 5.67 ± 1.16 g·kg–1·d–1) and 29% of males (4.95 ± 1.05, P sex = 0.096). All participants met or exceeded athlete recommendations for protein (2.09 ± 0.425 g·kg–1·d–1, 1.92 ± 0.519, P sex = 0.36) and fat (32.8 ± 5.1% kcal, 34.4 ± 3.4%, P sex = 0.36). No participants met the RDA for vitamin D (5.14 ± 1.78 μg/d, 4.91 ± 3.24, P sex = 0.83). Only 79% of females and 36% of males met the RDA for calcium (1220 ± 307 mg/d, 1010 ± 296, P sex = 0.83). Most females (n = 13) and males (n = 11) consumed iron supplements where total intakes exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (110 ± 60.1 mg/d, 66.8 ± 36.3, P sex = 0.029). HEI-2020 indicated poor adherence to the DGAs, with better diet quality in females (65.3 ± 13.7) than males (50.6 ± 10.1, P sex = 0.0034). Participants failed to meet guidelines for all HEI-2020 food group components except total protein foods. Total daily energy expenditure was greater in males and declined across the competitive season (P sex < 0.0001, P time < 0.0001, P sex∗time = 0.25). Conclusions: NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes consumed inadequate carbohydrates, calcium, and vitamin D but met or exceeded intake guidelines for protein, fat, and iron. Diet quality was poor; HEI-2020 component scores may indicate food groups to target to improve diet quality and intake of nutrients important to runners.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04079322. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db3be24f1b9844e0bbdc6182bdc9f3e3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Current Developments in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-db3be24f1b9844e0bbdc6182bdc9f3e32024-11-27T05:03:00ZengElsevierCurrent Developments in Nutrition2475-29912024-11-01811104475Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single UniversityDavid E Barney, Jr.0Susan N Cheung1Aaron R Harris2Claire E Berryman3Stephen R Hennigar4Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, United States; Corresponding author.Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, United StatesDepartment of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United StatesDepartment of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesDepartment of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United StatesBackground: Collegiate student-athletes have unique nutritional requirements to support their athletic performance and health. Few studies have comprehensively characterized the diets of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student-athletes. Objectives: To characterize dietary intake and diet quality during a competitive season in female and male NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes from a single university. Methods: Females and males (n = 14/sex) from the Florida State University cross country teams completed 9-d of food records across their competitive season. Nutrient intakes were compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the United States population [e.g., Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs)] and athlete-specific guidelines. Diet quality was assessed according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) using the 2020 Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020). Total daily energy expenditure was estimated from training records. Results: Carbohydrate intakes were below athlete guidelines in 43% of females (mean ± SD, 5.67 ± 1.16 g·kg–1·d–1) and 29% of males (4.95 ± 1.05, P sex = 0.096). All participants met or exceeded athlete recommendations for protein (2.09 ± 0.425 g·kg–1·d–1, 1.92 ± 0.519, P sex = 0.36) and fat (32.8 ± 5.1% kcal, 34.4 ± 3.4%, P sex = 0.36). No participants met the RDA for vitamin D (5.14 ± 1.78 μg/d, 4.91 ± 3.24, P sex = 0.83). Only 79% of females and 36% of males met the RDA for calcium (1220 ± 307 mg/d, 1010 ± 296, P sex = 0.83). Most females (n = 13) and males (n = 11) consumed iron supplements where total intakes exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (110 ± 60.1 mg/d, 66.8 ± 36.3, P sex = 0.029). HEI-2020 indicated poor adherence to the DGAs, with better diet quality in females (65.3 ± 13.7) than males (50.6 ± 10.1, P sex = 0.0034). Participants failed to meet guidelines for all HEI-2020 food group components except total protein foods. Total daily energy expenditure was greater in males and declined across the competitive season (P sex < 0.0001, P time < 0.0001, P sex∗time = 0.25). Conclusions: NCAA Division I cross country student-athletes consumed inadequate carbohydrates, calcium, and vitamin D but met or exceeded intake guidelines for protein, fat, and iron. Diet quality was poor; HEI-2020 component scores may indicate food groups to target to improve diet quality and intake of nutrients important to runners.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04079322.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124024090cross countrydietHEI-2020runnersstudent-athletes |
| spellingShingle | David E Barney, Jr. Susan N Cheung Aaron R Harris Claire E Berryman Stephen R Hennigar Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University Current Developments in Nutrition cross country diet HEI-2020 runners student-athletes |
| title | Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University |
| title_full | Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University |
| title_short | Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Female and Male NCAA Division I Cross Country Runners from a Single University |
| title_sort | dietary intake and diet quality of female and male ncaa division i cross country runners from a single university |
| topic | cross country diet HEI-2020 runners student-athletes |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2475299124024090 |
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