The different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base: butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol, butyric acid, and butylamine respectively

Solvents are commonly added into protic ionic liquids (PILs) to reduce viscosity in practical applications. Understanding the relationship between the structure and properties of PILs mixed with solvents is also essential for tailoring specific applications, however, such research is limited. In thi...

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Main Authors: Xuan Zhang, Yue Zhang, Haoran Li, Jia Yao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2025-03-01
Series:Green Chemical Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666952824000293
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author Xuan Zhang
Yue Zhang
Haoran Li
Jia Yao
author_facet Xuan Zhang
Yue Zhang
Haoran Li
Jia Yao
author_sort Xuan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Solvents are commonly added into protic ionic liquids (PILs) to reduce viscosity in practical applications. Understanding the relationship between the structure and properties of PILs mixed with solvents is also essential for tailoring specific applications, however, such research is limited. In this study, we measured and compared the density, viscosity, and conductivity of three mixed systems: n-butylammonium butyrate ionic liquid (PIL) mixing with N-butyric acid (PrCOOH), PIL-N-butylamine (BuNH2), and PIL-N-butanol (BuOH). Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (S/WAXS), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques were used to explore their inherent structural differences. The results indicate that the properties of the PIL-BuOH and PIL-PrCOOH systems exhibit more overall similarity in trends compared to the PIL-BuNH2 system. However, when the molar fraction of alcohol or acid exceeds 0.8, structural differences between the two systems lead to the differences in properties. The hydrogen bond network between the BuOH molecules outside the ion cluster leads to higher viscosity and conductivity than the PIL-PrCOOH system. However, the strong hydrogen bond between PrCOOH and anions will replace the position of cations and form spherical clusters. This research highlights how distinct structures influence diverse properties, providing deeper insights into the structure-property relationship.
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spelling doaj-art-db1107b308dc4e33b1375fe1d9e2ac6b2024-11-22T07:39:38ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Green Chemical Engineering2666-95282025-03-01618592The different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base: butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol, butyric acid, and butylamine respectivelyXuan Zhang0Yue Zhang1Haoran Li2Jia Yao3Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Corresponding author.Solvents are commonly added into protic ionic liquids (PILs) to reduce viscosity in practical applications. Understanding the relationship between the structure and properties of PILs mixed with solvents is also essential for tailoring specific applications, however, such research is limited. In this study, we measured and compared the density, viscosity, and conductivity of three mixed systems: n-butylammonium butyrate ionic liquid (PIL) mixing with N-butyric acid (PrCOOH), PIL-N-butylamine (BuNH2), and PIL-N-butanol (BuOH). Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (S/WAXS), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques were used to explore their inherent structural differences. The results indicate that the properties of the PIL-BuOH and PIL-PrCOOH systems exhibit more overall similarity in trends compared to the PIL-BuNH2 system. However, when the molar fraction of alcohol or acid exceeds 0.8, structural differences between the two systems lead to the differences in properties. The hydrogen bond network between the BuOH molecules outside the ion cluster leads to higher viscosity and conductivity than the PIL-PrCOOH system. However, the strong hydrogen bond between PrCOOH and anions will replace the position of cations and form spherical clusters. This research highlights how distinct structures influence diverse properties, providing deeper insights into the structure-property relationship.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666952824000293Protic ionic liquids solutionMicrostructurePropertiesHydrogen bondConfinement effects
spellingShingle Xuan Zhang
Yue Zhang
Haoran Li
Jia Yao
The different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base: butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol, butyric acid, and butylamine respectively
Green Chemical Engineering
Protic ionic liquids solution
Microstructure
Properties
Hydrogen bond
Confinement effects
title The different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base: butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol, butyric acid, and butylamine respectively
title_full The different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base: butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol, butyric acid, and butylamine respectively
title_fullStr The different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base: butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol, butyric acid, and butylamine respectively
title_full_unstemmed The different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base: butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol, butyric acid, and butylamine respectively
title_short The different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base: butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol, butyric acid, and butylamine respectively
title_sort different structure and properties of protic ionic liquid in alcohol from acid and base butylammonium butyrate mixing with butanol butyric acid and butylamine respectively
topic Protic ionic liquids solution
Microstructure
Properties
Hydrogen bond
Confinement effects
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666952824000293
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