Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant health hazards and environmental damage. Thus, the detection and removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in freshwater sources are imperative for safeguarding public health and the environment. Moreover, the transformation of single...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Jagpreet Singh Monika Bhattu Meenakshi Verma Mikhael Bechelany Satinder Kaur Brar Rajendrasinh Jadeja |
| author_facet | Jagpreet Singh Monika Bhattu Meenakshi Verma Mikhael Bechelany Satinder Kaur Brar Rajendrasinh Jadeja |
| author_sort | Jagpreet Singh |
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| description | Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant health hazards and environmental damage. Thus, the detection and removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in freshwater sources are imperative for safeguarding public health and the environment. Moreover, the transformation of single resources into multiple high-value products is vital for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this regard, the present work focused on the preparation of two efficient materials, i.e., biochar (R-BC) and carbon dots (R-CDs) from a single resource (rice straw), via a novel approach by using extraction and hydrothermal process. The various microscopic and spectroscopy techniques confirmed the formation of porous structure and spherical morphology of R-BC and R-CDs, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COO) and amine (N–H) groups on the R-CDs’ surface. The obtained blue luminescent R-CDs were employed as chemosensors for the detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions. The sensor exhibited a strong linear correlation over a concentration range of 1 µM to 100 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.11 µM. Furthermore, the BET analysis of R-BC indicated a surface area of 1.71 m<sup>2</sup>/g and a monolayer volume of 0.0081 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, supporting its adsorption potential for Pb<sup>2+</sup>. The R-BC showed excellent removal efficiency of 77.61%. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and second-order kinetics. Therefore, the dual use of rice straw-derived provides a cost-effective, environmentally friendly solution for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection and remediation to accomplish the SDGs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-dad5774d48a84eb48483ce17338cb1ae |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-dad5774d48a84eb48483ce17338cb1ae2025-01-10T13:19:24ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-01-011516610.3390/nano15010066Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead IonsJagpreet Singh0Monika Bhattu1Meenakshi Verma2Mikhael Bechelany3Satinder Kaur Brar4Rajendrasinh Jadeja5Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Marwadi University, Rajkot-Morbi Road, Rajkot 360003, Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Research and Incubation Centre, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali 140103, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Applied Science, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, IndiaInstitut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR-5635, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, FranceDepartment of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaFaculty of Engineering & Technology, Marwadi University, Rajkot-Morbi Road, Rajkot 360003, Gujarat, IndiaLead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that causes significant health hazards and environmental damage. Thus, the detection and removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions in freshwater sources are imperative for safeguarding public health and the environment. Moreover, the transformation of single resources into multiple high-value products is vital for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this regard, the present work focused on the preparation of two efficient materials, i.e., biochar (R-BC) and carbon dots (R-CDs) from a single resource (rice straw), via a novel approach by using extraction and hydrothermal process. The various microscopic and spectroscopy techniques confirmed the formation of porous structure and spherical morphology of R-BC and R-CDs, respectively. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (–OH), carboxyl (–COO) and amine (N–H) groups on the R-CDs’ surface. The obtained blue luminescent R-CDs were employed as chemosensors for the detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions. The sensor exhibited a strong linear correlation over a concentration range of 1 µM to 100 µM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.11 µM. Furthermore, the BET analysis of R-BC indicated a surface area of 1.71 m<sup>2</sup>/g and a monolayer volume of 0.0081 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, supporting its adsorption potential for Pb<sup>2+</sup>. The R-BC showed excellent removal efficiency of 77.61%. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and second-order kinetics. Therefore, the dual use of rice straw-derived provides a cost-effective, environmentally friendly solution for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection and remediation to accomplish the SDGs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/66adsorptionbiocharcarbon dotsenvironmental remediationfluorescence sensorlead |
| spellingShingle | Jagpreet Singh Monika Bhattu Meenakshi Verma Mikhael Bechelany Satinder Kaur Brar Rajendrasinh Jadeja Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions Nanomaterials adsorption biochar carbon dots environmental remediation fluorescence sensor lead |
| title | Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions |
| title_full | Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions |
| title_short | Sustainable Valorization of Rice Straw into Biochar and Carbon Dots Using a Novel One-Pot Approach for Dual Applications in Detection and Removal of Lead Ions |
| title_sort | sustainable valorization of rice straw into biochar and carbon dots using a novel one pot approach for dual applications in detection and removal of lead ions |
| topic | adsorption biochar carbon dots environmental remediation fluorescence sensor lead |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/1/66 |
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