The Plant Landscape of the “Conca d’Oro” of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy) and Its Evolution

The Conca d’Oro of Palermo, a plain in NW Sicily of significant historical and agricultural importance, has undergone significant landscape alterations due to agricultural strengthening and urbanization. This paper analyses the evolution of the plant landscape from early human settlements to the pre...

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Main Authors: Gianniantonio Domina, Giulio Barone, Enrico Bajona, Emilio Di Gristina, Giuseppe Venturella, Raimondo Pardi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/938
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author Gianniantonio Domina
Giulio Barone
Enrico Bajona
Emilio Di Gristina
Giuseppe Venturella
Raimondo Pardi
author_facet Gianniantonio Domina
Giulio Barone
Enrico Bajona
Emilio Di Gristina
Giuseppe Venturella
Raimondo Pardi
author_sort Gianniantonio Domina
collection DOAJ
description The Conca d’Oro of Palermo, a plain in NW Sicily of significant historical and agricultural importance, has undergone significant landscape alterations due to agricultural strengthening and urbanization. This paper analyses the evolution of the plant landscape from early human settlements to the present by integrating historical records, cartographic analysis, and floristic surveys. Three key periods of change were identified: Roman-era deforestation for cereal cultivation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture under Arab rule, and the dominance of citrus monoculture in the 19th century. Post-World War II urban expansion led to the loss of agricultural land and natural habitats, particularly wetlands and coastal dunes. Spatial analysis revealed a drastic reduction in semi-natural areas, with agricultural land giving way to urban sprawl. Floristic studies showed the persistence of endemic plant species in fragmented natural habitats alongside the local extinction of wetlands and coastal vegetation. The Oreto River, a river with a basin that extends into the territories of the municipalities of Altofonte, Monreale, and Palermo, remains a critical biodiversity reservoir, and most other natural ecosystems have been degraded. This research provides insights into the long-term interactions between human activities and biodiversity and offers a foundation for sustainable conservation strategies in Mediterranean urban and peri-urban environments.
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spelling doaj-art-dac9d9f6ee934d73aac6bda4f43ab6a82025-08-20T03:43:29ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-03-0114693810.3390/plants14060938The Plant Landscape of the “Conca d’Oro” of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy) and Its EvolutionGianniantonio Domina0Giulio Barone1Enrico Bajona2Emilio Di Gristina3Giuseppe Venturella4Raimondo Pardi5Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bldg. 4, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bldg. 4, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bldg. 4, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bldg. 4, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bldg. 4, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bldg. 4, 90128 Palermo, ItalyThe Conca d’Oro of Palermo, a plain in NW Sicily of significant historical and agricultural importance, has undergone significant landscape alterations due to agricultural strengthening and urbanization. This paper analyses the evolution of the plant landscape from early human settlements to the present by integrating historical records, cartographic analysis, and floristic surveys. Three key periods of change were identified: Roman-era deforestation for cereal cultivation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture under Arab rule, and the dominance of citrus monoculture in the 19th century. Post-World War II urban expansion led to the loss of agricultural land and natural habitats, particularly wetlands and coastal dunes. Spatial analysis revealed a drastic reduction in semi-natural areas, with agricultural land giving way to urban sprawl. Floristic studies showed the persistence of endemic plant species in fragmented natural habitats alongside the local extinction of wetlands and coastal vegetation. The Oreto River, a river with a basin that extends into the territories of the municipalities of Altofonte, Monreale, and Palermo, remains a critical biodiversity reservoir, and most other natural ecosystems have been degraded. This research provides insights into the long-term interactions between human activities and biodiversity and offers a foundation for sustainable conservation strategies in Mediterranean urban and peri-urban environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/938urban biodiversityecosystem serviceslandscape historyspatial analysiswetlandsplant conservation
spellingShingle Gianniantonio Domina
Giulio Barone
Enrico Bajona
Emilio Di Gristina
Giuseppe Venturella
Raimondo Pardi
The Plant Landscape of the “Conca d’Oro” of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy) and Its Evolution
Plants
urban biodiversity
ecosystem services
landscape history
spatial analysis
wetlands
plant conservation
title The Plant Landscape of the “Conca d’Oro” of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy) and Its Evolution
title_full The Plant Landscape of the “Conca d’Oro” of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy) and Its Evolution
title_fullStr The Plant Landscape of the “Conca d’Oro” of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy) and Its Evolution
title_full_unstemmed The Plant Landscape of the “Conca d’Oro” of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy) and Its Evolution
title_short The Plant Landscape of the “Conca d’Oro” of Palermo (NW Sicily, Italy) and Its Evolution
title_sort plant landscape of the conca d oro of palermo nw sicily italy and its evolution
topic urban biodiversity
ecosystem services
landscape history
spatial analysis
wetlands
plant conservation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/938
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