Eco-anxiety, climate change and the ‘bottom billion’: a plea for better understanding

Climate change poses enormous, rapidly increasing risks to human well-being that remain poorly appreciated. The growing understanding of this threat has generated a phenomenon often called ‘eco-anxiety’. Eco-anxiety (and its synonyms) is best documented in the Global North, mostly among people who a...

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Main Author: Colin David Butler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-01-01
Series:BMJ Mental Health
Online Access:https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301380.full
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author Colin David Butler
author_facet Colin David Butler
author_sort Colin David Butler
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description Climate change poses enormous, rapidly increasing risks to human well-being that remain poorly appreciated. The growing understanding of this threat has generated a phenomenon often called ‘eco-anxiety’. Eco-anxiety (and its synonyms) is best documented in the Global North, mostly among people who are better educated and whose reasons for concern are both altruistic and self-interested. However, the populations who are most vulnerable to climate change are disproportionately poor and live in the Global South, where evidence for eco-anxiety (or climate) anxiety is limited, especially among those who have been called the ‘bottom billion’, approximately the global population’s poorest decile. Here, I postulate reasons for this research gap as both ethical and practical. Additionally, the bottom billion experience many disadvantages, some of which plausibly lower their recognition of anthropogenic climate change. These disadvantages include nutritional and health factors that can reduce learning capacity, even if access to formal education exists. Many in this population have limited or no electronic access to information. Furthermore, the relationship between the stresses faced by such populations and climate change is often indirect, potentially also disguising recognition of the role of climate change. The world is characterised by many distressing forms of inequality, one of which is the effective ‘invisibilisation’ of the bottom billion. This group faces many challenges; some of these may exceed climate change as rational causes for anxiety. However, it is here argued that policy makers should act on their behalf, irrespective of evidence that they experience eco-anxiety.
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spelling doaj-art-da9234456d5f4826b9645fb7b0dd2b642025-01-17T21:45:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Mental Health2755-97342025-01-0128110.1136/bmjment-2024-301380Eco-anxiety, climate change and the ‘bottom billion’: a plea for better understandingColin David Butler0National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, AustraliaClimate change poses enormous, rapidly increasing risks to human well-being that remain poorly appreciated. The growing understanding of this threat has generated a phenomenon often called ‘eco-anxiety’. Eco-anxiety (and its synonyms) is best documented in the Global North, mostly among people who are better educated and whose reasons for concern are both altruistic and self-interested. However, the populations who are most vulnerable to climate change are disproportionately poor and live in the Global South, where evidence for eco-anxiety (or climate) anxiety is limited, especially among those who have been called the ‘bottom billion’, approximately the global population’s poorest decile. Here, I postulate reasons for this research gap as both ethical and practical. Additionally, the bottom billion experience many disadvantages, some of which plausibly lower their recognition of anthropogenic climate change. These disadvantages include nutritional and health factors that can reduce learning capacity, even if access to formal education exists. Many in this population have limited or no electronic access to information. Furthermore, the relationship between the stresses faced by such populations and climate change is often indirect, potentially also disguising recognition of the role of climate change. The world is characterised by many distressing forms of inequality, one of which is the effective ‘invisibilisation’ of the bottom billion. This group faces many challenges; some of these may exceed climate change as rational causes for anxiety. However, it is here argued that policy makers should act on their behalf, irrespective of evidence that they experience eco-anxiety.https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301380.full
spellingShingle Colin David Butler
Eco-anxiety, climate change and the ‘bottom billion’: a plea for better understanding
BMJ Mental Health
title Eco-anxiety, climate change and the ‘bottom billion’: a plea for better understanding
title_full Eco-anxiety, climate change and the ‘bottom billion’: a plea for better understanding
title_fullStr Eco-anxiety, climate change and the ‘bottom billion’: a plea for better understanding
title_full_unstemmed Eco-anxiety, climate change and the ‘bottom billion’: a plea for better understanding
title_short Eco-anxiety, climate change and the ‘bottom billion’: a plea for better understanding
title_sort eco anxiety climate change and the bottom billion a plea for better understanding
url https://mentalhealth.bmj.com/content/28/1/e301380.full
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