The impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespan

Fatigue cracking is the predominant mode of fracture observed in wrench sockets. Among the various techniques employed to enhance fatigue resistance, shot peening is the most widely utilized method. This study aims to investigate the effects of shot size (0.3 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.8 mm) and peening dura...

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Main Authors: Hsuan-Han Lai, Kun Ming Chiu, Weite Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542501885X
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author Hsuan-Han Lai
Kun Ming Chiu
Weite Wu
author_facet Hsuan-Han Lai
Kun Ming Chiu
Weite Wu
author_sort Hsuan-Han Lai
collection DOAJ
description Fatigue cracking is the predominant mode of fracture observed in wrench sockets. Among the various techniques employed to enhance fatigue resistance, shot peening is the most widely utilized method. This study aims to investigate the effects of shot size (0.3 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.8 mm) and peening duration (5 min and 10 min) on the fatigue lifespan of wrench sockets subjected to shot peening. The application of larger shot sizes resulted in significant grain deformation and refinement on the outer wall, particularly with the 0.8 mm particle size. It was observed that an extended peening duration corresponded to an increased depth of impact, with the outer wall of the socket exhibiting a deeper deformation layer compared to the inner wall. Additionally, the increase in shot size was associated with a notable rise in surface roughness; however, prolonging the treatment duration could mitigate the roughness of the outer wall to a certain extent, while the roughness of the inner wall slightly increased. The surface hardness of the sockets exhibited a significant increase following shot peening, with larger particle sizes contributing to more pronounced enhancements in hardness. Residual stress analysis suggested that the use of smaller shot sizes (0.3 mm) could lead to the introduction of higher compressive residual stresses within both the outer and inner walls of the socket compared to the other two shot sizes. The samples subjected to 0.3 mm shots demonstrated a fatigue lifespan enhancement of 250 % with a 5-min duration and 273 % with a 10-min duration, while those subjected to 0.8 mm shots exhibited enhancements of 79 % with a 5-min duration and 98 % with a 10-min duration. The impact of residual stress on fatigue life was found to be more significant than that of hardness and peening depth.
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spelling doaj-art-da5482e2de96410cb4918c81aa28e46c2025-08-20T02:47:27ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-09-013854655510.1016/j.jmrt.2025.07.227The impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespanHsuan-Han Lai0Kun Ming Chiu1Weite Wu2National Chung Hsing University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 145 Xingda Road, South Dist., Taichung City, 402202, Taiwan, ROCNational Chung Hsing University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 145 Xingda Road, South Dist., Taichung City, 402202, Taiwan, ROC; Stanley Chiro International Ltd., 121 Yonghe Road, Daya Dist., Taichung City, 42877, Taiwan, ROCNational Chung Hsing University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 145 Xingda Road, South Dist., Taichung City, 402202, Taiwan, ROC; Corresponding author.Fatigue cracking is the predominant mode of fracture observed in wrench sockets. Among the various techniques employed to enhance fatigue resistance, shot peening is the most widely utilized method. This study aims to investigate the effects of shot size (0.3 mm, 0.6 mm, and 0.8 mm) and peening duration (5 min and 10 min) on the fatigue lifespan of wrench sockets subjected to shot peening. The application of larger shot sizes resulted in significant grain deformation and refinement on the outer wall, particularly with the 0.8 mm particle size. It was observed that an extended peening duration corresponded to an increased depth of impact, with the outer wall of the socket exhibiting a deeper deformation layer compared to the inner wall. Additionally, the increase in shot size was associated with a notable rise in surface roughness; however, prolonging the treatment duration could mitigate the roughness of the outer wall to a certain extent, while the roughness of the inner wall slightly increased. The surface hardness of the sockets exhibited a significant increase following shot peening, with larger particle sizes contributing to more pronounced enhancements in hardness. Residual stress analysis suggested that the use of smaller shot sizes (0.3 mm) could lead to the introduction of higher compressive residual stresses within both the outer and inner walls of the socket compared to the other two shot sizes. The samples subjected to 0.3 mm shots demonstrated a fatigue lifespan enhancement of 250 % with a 5-min duration and 273 % with a 10-min duration, while those subjected to 0.8 mm shots exhibited enhancements of 79 % with a 5-min duration and 98 % with a 10-min duration. The impact of residual stress on fatigue life was found to be more significant than that of hardness and peening depth.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542501885XShot peeningWrench socketShot size and timeResidual stressFatigue lifespan
spellingShingle Hsuan-Han Lai
Kun Ming Chiu
Weite Wu
The impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespan
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Shot peening
Wrench socket
Shot size and time
Residual stress
Fatigue lifespan
title The impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespan
title_full The impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespan
title_fullStr The impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespan
title_full_unstemmed The impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespan
title_short The impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespan
title_sort impact of shot size and duration of peening on the enhancement of wrench socket fatigue lifespan
topic Shot peening
Wrench socket
Shot size and time
Residual stress
Fatigue lifespan
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542501885X
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