Aptamers: Design, Theory, and Applications to Diagnosis and Therapy for Diseases

ABSTRACT Single‐stranded DNA or RNA entities referred to as aptamers exhibit a strong affinity and specificity for attaching to specific targets. Owing to their special properties, which include simplicity of synthesis, low immunogenicity, and adaptability in targeting a variety of substances, these...

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Main Authors: Sepideh Hassibian, Mahsa Amin, Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi, Elham Sameiyan, Reza Ghaffari, Mona Alibolandi, Mohammad Ramezani, Khalil Abnous, Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:MedComm
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70180
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author Sepideh Hassibian
Mahsa Amin
Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
Elham Sameiyan
Reza Ghaffari
Mona Alibolandi
Mohammad Ramezani
Khalil Abnous
Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi
author_facet Sepideh Hassibian
Mahsa Amin
Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
Elham Sameiyan
Reza Ghaffari
Mona Alibolandi
Mohammad Ramezani
Khalil Abnous
Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi
author_sort Sepideh Hassibian
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Single‐stranded DNA or RNA entities referred to as aptamers exhibit a strong affinity and specificity for attaching to specific targets. Owing to their special properties, which include simplicity of synthesis, low immunogenicity, and adaptability in targeting a variety of substances, these synthetic oligonucleotides have garnered a lot of interest. The function of aptamers can be altered by combining them with complementary oligonucleotides “antidotes,” which are antisense to a particular aptamer sequence. Antidotes play an important role in several fields by specifically targeting the corresponding section of the aptamer. Nevertheless, even with their promising capabilities, the creation of antidotes to regulate or inhibit aptamer function continues to be a relatively unexamined field, constraining their secure and efficient application in medical environments. The review explores experimental methodologies for creating antidotes, the systematic design strategies for managing antidotes in aptamer‐based therapies, and their therapeutic efficacy in counteracting disease biomarkers. Additionally, it highlights their diagnostic applications in biosensing and imaging, offering a promising alternative to traditional antibodies. It also investigates the progress, latest innovations, and potential medical uses of aptamer–antidote combinations. Its academic value lies in bridging the gap between theoretical design and practical applications, providing researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive resource to advance aptamer‐based solutions in medicine and biotechnology.
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spelling doaj-art-d9c7ffcdb63c46aca81c7b380cfaaa0f2025-08-20T03:48:06ZengWileyMedComm2688-26632025-05-0165n/an/a10.1002/mco2.70180Aptamers: Design, Theory, and Applications to Diagnosis and Therapy for DiseasesSepideh Hassibian0Mahsa Amin1Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi2Elham Sameiyan3Reza Ghaffari4Mona Alibolandi5Mohammad Ramezani6Khalil Abnous7Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi8Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University Tehran IranTargeted Drug Delivery Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad IranTargeted Drug Delivery Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad IranTargeted Drug Delivery Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad IranTargeted Drug Delivery Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad IranPharmaceutical Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad IranPharmaceutical Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad IranPharmaceutical Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad IranDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University Tehran IranABSTRACT Single‐stranded DNA or RNA entities referred to as aptamers exhibit a strong affinity and specificity for attaching to specific targets. Owing to their special properties, which include simplicity of synthesis, low immunogenicity, and adaptability in targeting a variety of substances, these synthetic oligonucleotides have garnered a lot of interest. The function of aptamers can be altered by combining them with complementary oligonucleotides “antidotes,” which are antisense to a particular aptamer sequence. Antidotes play an important role in several fields by specifically targeting the corresponding section of the aptamer. Nevertheless, even with their promising capabilities, the creation of antidotes to regulate or inhibit aptamer function continues to be a relatively unexamined field, constraining their secure and efficient application in medical environments. The review explores experimental methodologies for creating antidotes, the systematic design strategies for managing antidotes in aptamer‐based therapies, and their therapeutic efficacy in counteracting disease biomarkers. Additionally, it highlights their diagnostic applications in biosensing and imaging, offering a promising alternative to traditional antibodies. It also investigates the progress, latest innovations, and potential medical uses of aptamer–antidote combinations. Its academic value lies in bridging the gap between theoretical design and practical applications, providing researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive resource to advance aptamer‐based solutions in medicine and biotechnology.https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70180antidoteaptamerreversible therapeutics
spellingShingle Sepideh Hassibian
Mahsa Amin
Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
Elham Sameiyan
Reza Ghaffari
Mona Alibolandi
Mohammad Ramezani
Khalil Abnous
Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi
Aptamers: Design, Theory, and Applications to Diagnosis and Therapy for Diseases
MedComm
antidote
aptamer
reversible therapeutics
title Aptamers: Design, Theory, and Applications to Diagnosis and Therapy for Diseases
title_full Aptamers: Design, Theory, and Applications to Diagnosis and Therapy for Diseases
title_fullStr Aptamers: Design, Theory, and Applications to Diagnosis and Therapy for Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Aptamers: Design, Theory, and Applications to Diagnosis and Therapy for Diseases
title_short Aptamers: Design, Theory, and Applications to Diagnosis and Therapy for Diseases
title_sort aptamers design theory and applications to diagnosis and therapy for diseases
topic antidote
aptamer
reversible therapeutics
url https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.70180
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