Spatial–Temporal Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risks of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in China: A Comprehensive Review
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, posing significant adverse impacts on air quality and human health. However, current research on atmospheric VOCs mainly focuses on specific regions or industries, without comprehensive national-level analysis. In this study, a tota...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-10-01
|
| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/787 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846152376362205184 |
|---|---|
| author | Yangbing Wei Xuexue Jing Yaping Chen Wenxin Sun Yuzhe Zhang Rencheng Zhu |
| author_facet | Yangbing Wei Xuexue Jing Yaping Chen Wenxin Sun Yuzhe Zhang Rencheng Zhu |
| author_sort | Yangbing Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, posing significant adverse impacts on air quality and human health. However, current research on atmospheric VOCs mainly focuses on specific regions or industries, without comprehensive national-level analysis. In this study, a total of 99 articles on atmospheric VOCs in China published from 2015 to 2024 were screened, and data on their concentrations, source apportionment, and health risks were extracted and summarized. The results revealed that the annual average concentrations of TVOCs and their groups in China generally increased and then decreased between 2011 and 2022, peaking in 2018–2019. A distinct seasonal pattern was observed, with the highest concentrations occurring in winter, followed by autumn, spring, and summer. TVOC emissions were highly concentrated in northern and eastern China, mainly contributed by alkanes and alkenes. Source apportionment of VOCs indicated that vehicle sources (32.9% ± 14.3%), industrial emissions (18.0% ± 12.8%), and other combustion sources (13.0% ± 13.0%) were the primary sources of VOCs in China. There was a significant positive correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between the annual mean VOC concentration and population size, and a notable negative correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with GDP per capita. Atmospheric VOCs had no non-carcinogenic risk (HI = 0.5) but exhibited a probable carcinogenic risk (7.5 × 10<sup>−5</sup>), with relatively high values for 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and naphthalene. The health risk was predominantly driven by halocarbons. These findings are essential for a better understanding of atmospheric VOCs and for developing more targeted VOC control measures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-d8b3bc18c91e4979b97d9ba82f297f9c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-d8b3bc18c91e4979b97d9ba82f297f9c2024-11-26T18:23:46ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-10-01121178710.3390/toxics12110787Spatial–Temporal Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risks of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in China: A Comprehensive ReviewYangbing Wei0Xuexue Jing1Yaping Chen2Wenxin Sun3Yuzhe Zhang4Rencheng Zhu5State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, posing significant adverse impacts on air quality and human health. However, current research on atmospheric VOCs mainly focuses on specific regions or industries, without comprehensive national-level analysis. In this study, a total of 99 articles on atmospheric VOCs in China published from 2015 to 2024 were screened, and data on their concentrations, source apportionment, and health risks were extracted and summarized. The results revealed that the annual average concentrations of TVOCs and their groups in China generally increased and then decreased between 2011 and 2022, peaking in 2018–2019. A distinct seasonal pattern was observed, with the highest concentrations occurring in winter, followed by autumn, spring, and summer. TVOC emissions were highly concentrated in northern and eastern China, mainly contributed by alkanes and alkenes. Source apportionment of VOCs indicated that vehicle sources (32.9% ± 14.3%), industrial emissions (18.0% ± 12.8%), and other combustion sources (13.0% ± 13.0%) were the primary sources of VOCs in China. There was a significant positive correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between the annual mean VOC concentration and population size, and a notable negative correlation (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with GDP per capita. Atmospheric VOCs had no non-carcinogenic risk (HI = 0.5) but exhibited a probable carcinogenic risk (7.5 × 10<sup>−5</sup>), with relatively high values for 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and naphthalene. The health risk was predominantly driven by halocarbons. These findings are essential for a better understanding of atmospheric VOCs and for developing more targeted VOC control measures.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/787VOCsChinasource apportionmenthealth risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Yangbing Wei Xuexue Jing Yaping Chen Wenxin Sun Yuzhe Zhang Rencheng Zhu Spatial–Temporal Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risks of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in China: A Comprehensive Review Toxics VOCs China source apportionment health risk assessment |
| title | Spatial–Temporal Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risks of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in China: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full | Spatial–Temporal Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risks of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in China: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_fullStr | Spatial–Temporal Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risks of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in China: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial–Temporal Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risks of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in China: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_short | Spatial–Temporal Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Health Risks of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in China: A Comprehensive Review |
| title_sort | spatial temporal characteristics source apportionment and health risks of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in china a comprehensive review |
| topic | VOCs China source apportionment health risk assessment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/787 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yangbingwei spatialtemporalcharacteristicssourceapportionmentandhealthrisksofatmosphericvolatileorganiccompoundsinchinaacomprehensivereview AT xuexuejing spatialtemporalcharacteristicssourceapportionmentandhealthrisksofatmosphericvolatileorganiccompoundsinchinaacomprehensivereview AT yapingchen spatialtemporalcharacteristicssourceapportionmentandhealthrisksofatmosphericvolatileorganiccompoundsinchinaacomprehensivereview AT wenxinsun spatialtemporalcharacteristicssourceapportionmentandhealthrisksofatmosphericvolatileorganiccompoundsinchinaacomprehensivereview AT yuzhezhang spatialtemporalcharacteristicssourceapportionmentandhealthrisksofatmosphericvolatileorganiccompoundsinchinaacomprehensivereview AT renchengzhu spatialtemporalcharacteristicssourceapportionmentandhealthrisksofatmosphericvolatileorganiccompoundsinchinaacomprehensivereview |